Family Punishment in Nazi Germany

DR ROBERT LOEFFEL was born in Sydney, Australia. He studied and taught at the University of New South Wales, where he holds a Visiting Research Fellowship. His research is focussed on German and Australian contemporary history. He has published in various journals including Contemporary European History and German History.

• Introduction: Sippenhaft, Terror and Fear: The Historiography of the Nazi Terror State The Consent and Coercion Debate Method of Transmission Importance of Rumour in Nazi Germany Outline of this Book A Word on Sources Conclusion PART I: SIPPENHAFT AND GERMAN SOCIETY, 1933-1945 Sippenhaft and the Rise to Power Sippenhaft and Resistance during Second World War The German Home Front after Stalingrad Conclusion PART II: 'IMPRISONMENT OF RELATIVES, LIFE OR LIBERTY' SIPPENHAFT AND THE WEHRMACHT The Foundation of Sippenhaft in the Wehrmacht Sippenhaft and the Wehrmacht, 1939-1944 Sippenhaft against Volksdeutche Germans Sippenhaft after the 20 July 1944 Codification of Terror Conclusion PART III: SIPPENHAFT AND THE NKFD AND THE BDO Background The German Reaction Cherkassy Effect of 20 July 1944 181 The Limits of Sippenhaft Sippenhaft and the Political Significance of the NKFD and BDO Conclusion PART IV: 'IF A MAN IN THIS REICH IS UNTRUE, THEN HE AND HIS FAMILY WILL BE PUNISHED' Sippenhaft and the 20 July 1944 Establishing Sippenhaft and 20 July 1944 Sippenhaft put into Effect Continuing Rhetoric, Fear, Expansion and Limitations of Sippenhaft The Fate of the von Stauffenberg Family The Transformation of Sippenhaft and the 20 July 1944 Challenging Terror: Interventions, Representations and Release Confusion and Fear Those that Remained in Sippenhaft Detention Conclusion PART V: SIPPENHAFT KINDERHEIM: THE CHILDREN IN BAD SACHSA The Sippenhaft Prisoners of Bad Sachsa Life in the Camp: Determining Intention A Change of Plan Conclusion Bibliography

"This book aims to show the contribution that Sippenhaft or family liability punishment made to the Nazi system of terror. Loeffel argues convincingly that part of the effectiveness of the punishment was its lack of codification. Overall, this book contributes much to our understanding of state power and terror in the Third Reich. Loeffel ably demonstrates how, at all levels, the punishment of Sippenhaft was used 'to instill fear and maintain compliance among German citizens'." - Lisa Pine, London South Bank University, German History"This new and original study goes a very long way to clarifying just what Sippenhaft in Nazi Germany was and how it was applied. It makes it clear that there was much more to the practice of Sippenhaft in Nazi Germany than the arrest of the family members of the conspirators involved in the 20 July 1944 plot on Hitler's life. Overall, this is an impressive piece of work which opens the way for comparative studies of Sippenhaft in other regimes." - Australian Journal of Politics and History"Punishment of family members, with its emphasis on blood, was ideologically appealing to the regime and terrifying to any family man. This excellent and impressively supported book . . . ties Nazi family punishment to the "consent-coercion" debate, which reveals that the balance between dictatorial control and public enthusiasm tips increasingly toward the public. Recommended." Professor Arnold Krammer, Texas A&M University, Choice"Robert Loeffel's new book examines the Nazi use of Sippenhaft, or family punishment, as a lens through which to view the broader implementation of terror in German society . . . Loeffel's book draws attention to an understudied area and contributes to ongoing historiographical debates about Nazi efforts to control German society and the military during World War Two." - Michelle Mouton, University of Wisconsin, American Historical Review"Loeffel has struggled mightily with the tendency of his evidentiary problems to produce a compilation of individual cases rather than a historical analysis. He has been extraordinarily assiduous in collecting evidence about families, especially from surviving members. He is consistently careful not to overgeneralize from possibly idiosyncratic cases, and to offer alternative explanations for the seemingly arbitrary uses of Sippenhaft." - European History Quarterly