This volume compiles 11 essays by bioethics, medical, and other researchers from Europe and the US, who explore ethics and integrity in health and life sciences research. They address the work of the TRUST project towards counteracting the practice of ethics dumping through the development of tools for the improvement of research governance structures; lessons learned from care of patients with the Ebola virus; ethical challenges in the digital era; ethical aspects relating to big data; governance approaches to safety and security in research in relation to emerging technologies; governing gene editing in the European Union; the responsible and ethical use of genome editing technologies; ethical issues in dual-use brain science; the ethical challenges of informed consent, decision-making capacity, and vulnerability in clinical dementia research; ethical and moral responsibility in diet therapy research; and the mismatch of the science of nutrition and medical practice.