Estuarine Cities Facing Global Change

Denis Salles is Director of Research in Sociology at ETTISINRAE Bordeaux, France. Glenn Mainguy is a doctor in sociology and a research associate at the Centre Émile Durkheim, France. Charles de Godoy Leski is a sociologist at LGP-CNRS and a research associate at the Centre Émile Durkheim, France.

• About the Authors xiAcknowledgments xvIntroduction xviiDenis SALLES, Glenn MAINGUY and Charles DE GODOY LESKIPart 1 The Water of the Cities and the Water of the Fields 1Chapter 1 The Governance of Socio-Ecological Interdependencies: The Landes du Médoc Water Catchment Area Controversy 3Charles DE GODOY LESKI1.1 Introduction 31.2 Drinking water supply in Gironde, the history of a transfer from surface water to deep groundwater 61.2.1 Under the Roman Empire: the administration of a city’s water sources in its estuary 61.2.2 The Middle Ages: the era of hydraulic and defensive withdrawal of the city 71.2.3 The hydraulic “Renaissance” in the 17th century: towards the golden age of Bordeaux fountains 81.2.4 From 1800 to 1850: the dark age of resource availability 91.2.5 From 1850 to 1950: towards extractivist geopolitics of water 101.2.6 From 1950 to the present day: the socio-technical anticipation of issues through the governance of the drinking water resource 111.3 Metropolitan territorial conceptions in the face of forestry references 131.4 The refinement of models and the rising criticism 191.5 Conclusion 231.6 References 25Chapter 2 Ecological Engineering in a Controversial Drinking Water Production Project 27Alain DUPUY and Aude VINCENT2.1 The socio-hydrogeological configuration of the Landes du Médoc catchment area (Gironde) 282.2 An ecological engineering solution 302.3 How much of the extracted water must be reinjected? 322.3.1 Percentage efficiency of the water reinjected 332.3.2 Efficiency of the reinjection duration 342.3.3 Efficiency of the selected method to reinject the water 342.4 When and where should the extracted water be reinjected? 372.5 Conclusion 392.6 References 39Part 2 Protecting Against Risks, by the Estuary, and for the Estuary 43Chapter 3 Living in a City Exposed to Flood Risk: At What Cost(s)? 45Jeanne DACHARY-BERNARD and Florian VERGNEAU3.1 Residential location and risk as economic issues 473.2 Empirical strategy of the hedonic price model 493.3 Bordeaux Métropole study area and data 503.4 A multifaceted city 553.4.1 Confirmed metropolitan trends coupled with emerging rurbanization 573.4.2 A double effect of flood risk on prices 613.5 Conclusion 633.6 References 64Chapter 4 The Ecological Restoration of Estuaries: Protection of People and Combating the Erosion of Biodiversity 69Mario LEPAGE, Michael ELLIOTT, Cécile CAPDERREY and Henrique CABRAL4.1 Habitats, biodiversity and ecosystem services 714.2 Causes of the ecological degradation of estuaries 724.2.1 Effects of rising sea levels 724.2.2 Effects of anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity 734.3 Ecological restoration of estuaries for the protection of biodiversity 764.3.1 Active and passive restoration 794.4 Examples of ecological restoration in estuaries 814.4.1 The marshes of Mortagne-sur-Gironde (France) 814.4.2 Mondego estuary (Portugal) 834.4.3 Scheldt estuary (Belgium) 854.5 Conclusion 884.6 References 89Chapter 5 Sensemaking in the Face of Estuarine Flood Risk Mitigation 93Jean-Paul VANDERLINDEN and Nabil TOUILI5.1 The conceptual framework of narrative analysis 945.1.1 Stories of risk governance 955.1.2 Sensemaking as a source of narratives about change 965.1.3 A corpus of interviews on the risk of flooding in Gironde 965.2 Ethical theories invoked and associated meta-narratives 985.2.1 Deontology in terms of having respect for shared norms: the meta-narrative of deontological hype 985.2.2 Virtue ethics: the meta-narrative of “respect for justice” as a virtue 1005.2.3 Consequentialism in risk reduction: the meta-narrative of ordinary risk governance 1015.2.4 Consequentialism in terms of inequity: the meta-narrative of the questionable fairness of choices made 1025.2.5 Deliberation ethics: the meta-narrative of the process that is to be improved 1035.2.6 Ethics of nature: the meta-narrative of nature holds the keys 1055.3 For deliberative risk governance 1065.4 Conclusion 1085.5 References 109Part 3 When the Estuary Makes the City 113Chapter 6 The Estuarine City as an Allegory for Changes in Solidarity 115Thierry OBLET6.1 Cleansing the metropolitan idea of the stench of its emissions and ecological irresponsibility 1176.2 From the conquest of land to the recognition of territories 1216.3 From equality to territorial cohesion 1246.4 Conclusion 1306.5 References 131Chapter 7 Nantes and the Loire: Construction of an Estuarine City Faced with Port and Environment Challenges 135Glenn MAINGUY7.1 Emergence of the estuarine dimension: from the city of Nantes–Saint-Nazaire to the opening of the “Terre d’Estuaire” museum 1377.1.1 From an institutional dimension … 1377.1.2 … to a cultural and tourist vocation 1397.2 When Nantes and the Loire drifted apart: a progressive denial of the city’s estuarine dimension 1407.2.1 From digging a canal to filling in waterways 1407.2.2 Departure from shipyards 1437.3 Building a new relationship between Nantes Métropole and its estuary: the desire for the Loire 1437.3.1 Integration of the estuarine dimension through heritage and industrial-port memory 1437.3.2. The Great Debate: a participatory tool for reclaiming the Loire .. 1457.3.3 Conférence Permanente Loire and Mission Loire: putting environmental issues related to the Loire on the agenda 1477.4 Conclusion 1497.5 References 150Part 4 Anticipating the Future of Estuarine Cities 153Chapter 8 Past and Future Socio-Ecological Pathways of the Seine Estuary 155Gilles BILLEN, Julia LE NOË, Camille NOÛS and Josette GARNIER8.1 The Seine estuary as a socio-ecological system 1568.2 The successive phases of port traffic 1598.3 The energy supply of the Seine basin 1608.4 The contribution of ports to the agri-food system of the Seine basin 1628.5 The era of globalized trade in manufactured goods 1658.6 What is the future of the Seine estuary? 1678.7 Conclusion 1698.8 References 170Chapter 9 Metropolitan Trajectories for Anticipatory Governance of Urban Biodiversity 175Charles DE GODOY LESKI and Yohan SAHRAOUI9.1 The challenges of an attractive city faced with ecological injunctions: contextual elements of emerging governance 1769.2 The cognitive stakes of a collaborative territorial prospective 1809.3 Scenarios of metropolitan trajectories: contrasted political–ecological footprints 1839.3.1 Strategic scenario: “Dense City” or the Return of the Rhine Model (Scenario 1) 1869.3.2 Dystopian scenarios: “city–nature opposition” (Scenario 2) and “city–nature interweaving” (Scenario 3) 1899.3.3 Utopian scenarios: “radical ecological restoration” (Scenario 4.1) and “optimal reconciliation” (Scenario 4.2) 1899.3.4 Transformative scenario: resilient city (Scenario 5) 1919.4 Conclusion 1929.5 References 193Conclusion 197Denis SALLES, Glenn MAINGUY and Charles DE GODOY LESKIList of Authors 203Index 205