This edited collection is a welcome contribution to the social science and anthropological understanding of rare disease, rare disease communities, and national policies and practices. Its focus on the Baltic Sea region is original, and through a series of case studies, each chapter chronicles a local context which has global resonance. The book attends to a wide range of social science topics, including biosociality, relationships, diagnostic work, resilience, expertise, health tourism, stigma, identity and norms of rareness, illness, and disability. It also acknowledges the often difficult experiences of patients and patient communities. In doing so, it both recognizes, and represents, the nuances and complexities of rare disease. Overall, this edited collection provides a data-rich and comprehensive overview which benefits from a broad authorship, including academics across multiple disciplines, students, practitioners, and patient advocates.