English Syntax

• PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroductionWhat Does Grammar Mean?Grammaticality (Acceptability) JudgmentsHistorical PeriodsEdited EnglishIt's All in Your Head1. Basic Sentence StructureThe SubjectSyntax of the SubjectSemantic Roles of the SubjectDiscourse Functions of the SubjectThe PredicateTransitive Verbs and Direct ObjectsSemantic Roles of the Direct ObjectCovert Direct Objects"Light" Transitive VerbsDegrees of TransitivityIntransitive VerbsDitransitive Verbs and Indirect ObjectsDegrees of DitransitivityNot All Recipients AlternateDiscourse Functions of the Indirect ObjectBenefactivesCopulas and Subject ComplementsSensory CopulasStative CopulasChange of State CopulasCopula BeRestricted Copulas--Stative and Change of StateComplex Transitive Verbs and Object ComplementsDegrees of Complex TransitivityMarked and Unmarked Word Order2. The Noun PhraseThe DeterminerArticlesDemonstratives (and Deixis)Indefinite ThisQuantifying DeterminersGenitive DeterminersInterrogative DeterminersPredeterminers and PostdeterminersGenitivesGenitive Semantic TypesDouble GenitivesGroup GenitiveGeneric ReferenceProper NounsNon-Count NounsCategorizing Non-Count NounsCollective NounsPronounsPersonal PronounsReflexive PronounsReciprocal PronounsDemonstrative PronounsQuantifying PronounsIndefinite PronounsInterrogative PronounsNoun Phrases in Discourse3. The Verb PhraseTenseTense and MeaningFinite and Non-Finite VerbsAspectProgressive AspectPerfect AspectTense and Aspect in DiscoursePassive VoiceTransitive Verbs that Don't (Readily) PassivizeGet PassivePassives with No Corresponding ActiveThe Passive in DiscourseWord Order and the PassivePrimary Auxiliaries and the Lexical VerbMulti-Word Lexical VerbsMovable ParticlesUnmovable ParticlesIdentifying Multi-Word VerbsModalityEpistemic Modality in GeneralDeontic Modality in GeneralModal AuxiliariesSemi-AuxiliariesAuxiliaries, Time, and TenseMood and ModalityThe Verb Phrase and Scope of NegationScope of Negation and AuxiliariesThe Verb Phrase and QuestionsYes/No QuestionsInformation Seeking Questions (Wh Questions)Tag QuestionsMulti-Word Auxiliaries as Operators in Questions and TagsHistorical Development of the OperatorExclamationsExistential There ConstructionsNarrative Discourse and the Verb Phrase4. ModificationModification of the Noun and the Noun PhrasePrenominal AdjectivesPredicate AdjectivesPostnominal Adjectives and Adjective PhrasesObject Complement AdjectivesLimitersGradabilityAdjectives and Compound NounsAdjective Order in the Noun PhraseInternal Structure of the Adjective PhraseAdjective ComplementsUse of the Term AdverbAdjunct AdverbsIntensifying, Downtoning, and Limiting AdjunctsLocatives (Space Adverbs)Temporal AdverbsAdverbs of MannerAdverbs of MeansAdverbs of Reason/PurposeAdverbs of ResultAdverbial ProformsSome Other Adjunct CategoriesProblems in Categorizing AdjunctsMovability of AdjunctsAdjuncts and the Scope of NegationStacking and Coordination of AdjunctsAdjective Phrases RevisitedAdjunct Forms That Modify AdjectivesAdjectives That Function as AdjunctsDisjunctsAttitude DisjunctsStyle DisjunctsPoint of View DisjunctsEpistemic DisjunctsConjunctsSequencing ConjunctsAdding and Reinforcing ConjunctsResulting ConjunctsTransitional ConjunctsConcessive ConjunctsSome Other ConjunctsConjuncts in Discourse5. Clauses: Coordination and SubordinationClausesConjoiningConjunction AndConjunction rConjunction ButCoordination and QuestionsEllipsis and GappingEmbeddingNominal ClausesThat ClausesInfinitive ClausesING ClausesRelative Tense in Non-Finite ClausesWh Nominal ClausesClauses as Adjective ComplementsPostnominal ModificationRestrictive Relative ClausesOther Restrictive Postnominal ModifiersNon-Restrictive Relative ClausesRestrictive AppositivesAdverbial ClausesLocative AdverbsTemporal AdverbsAdverbs of MannerAdverbs of MeansAdverbs of Reason/Purpose and ResultDisjuncts and ConjunctsConcessive and Conditional ClausesNotesGlossaryReferencesIndexEach chapter ends with a "Summing Up" section

"[A] descriptive survey of English syntax which appeals to both novice and scholar. Lynn Berk has succeeded in making an important pedagogical contribution for TESOL programs and for students of linguistics and English grammar....Berk's approach makes the book very accessible and useful to students in an introductory course on English syntax. The book also serves as a resource for an English as a second language instructor as well as for an advancedsecond-language learner of English."--Mayrene Bentley in Linguist List