Electromagnetic Applications for Guided and Propagating Waves

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Inbunden, Engelska, 2025

Av Nemai Chandra Karmakar, Australia) Karmakar, Nemai Chandra (Monash University

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Enables readers to grasp the fundamentals of applied electromagnetics through a blended pedagogical approach Electromagnetic Applications for Guided and Propagating Waves comprehensively covers both fundamentals and advanced topics in applied electromagnetics (EM) for the professional, going above the basic static and dynamic EM field theories that are covered in most undergraduate EM textbooks. The textbook introduces complex topics with illustrations of modern technologies that use the topics, followed by a simple presentation of the basic vector analysis and Maxwell’s equations, supported by many practical examples, math essays, math puzzles, and the most modern technological developments from the websites of prominent technology companies. The textbook includes review questions at the end of each topic to enhance the students’ learning experience and outcomes. It provides the links for multimedia lecture videos and directs students to relevant open sources such as YouTube videos and lecture materials from the prestigious universities of developed and developing nations. The textbook is supported by presentation slides, a solution and instructor’s manual, and MATLAB program downloads. Written by prolific teacher Dr. Karmakar, Electromagnetic Applications for Guided and Propagating Waves discusses topics including: Fundamental theories of resonators, optical waveguides and fibers, antennas and antenna arrays, wireless systems, and electromagnetic compatibilityElectrostatic field theory and detailed derivations of electromagnetic fundamentals such as electric charges and Coulomb’s lawApplications of time-varying electromagnetic fields, covering transmission lines, impedance matching techniques, and waveguidesHow electromagnetics has impacted our day-to-day life and how we use it in our workplace and on social mediaHistorical anecdotes and evolution of EM theory from its inception to Maxwell and HertzElectromagnetic Applications for Guided and Propagating Waves is an essential reference for researchers, professionals, and policy and decision makers in the fields of electromagnetics, electrical engineering, wireless communications, and defense.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2025-10-21
Mått178 x 254 x 35 mm
Vikt1 343 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor656
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781394262823

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Nemai Chandra Karmakar, PhD, is the lead researcher at the Monash Microwave, Antenna, RFID and Sensor Laboratory (MMARS) at Monash University, Australia. He received his PhD in Information Technology and Electrical Engineering from the University of Queensland, Australia, in 1999. He is a pioneer in fully printable, chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and sensors, readers, signal processing, and smart antennas.

Preface xviiAcknowledgements xxi1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 21.2 Emerging Technologies That Use Advanced Electromagnetics 41.3 Wireless Mobile Communication Systems 91.3.1 Wireless Transceiver 101.3.2 Wireless Channel via UPW 141.3.3 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 161.3.4 Antenna 181.3.5 Antenna Array 191.3.6 Emi/emc 221.4 Modern Pedagogy in Advanced Electromagnetics 261.5 Design Project: Wireless Energy Harvester 271.6 Conclusion 301.7 Questions 30References 322 Vector Analyses 332.1 Introduction 342.2 Vector Analysis 352.2.1 Scalar and Vector Quantities 352.2.2 Static Electromagnetic Field 372.2.3 Dynamic Electromagnetic Fields 382.2.4 Coordinate Systems 392.2.5 General/Curvilinear Coordinate System 402.2.6 Rectangular Coordinate System 412.2.7 Spherical Coordinate System 422.2.8 Cylindrical Coordinate System 462.2.9 Dot Product of Vector Quantities 512.2.10 Cross Product of Two Vectors 522.2.11 Vector Integrations 542.3 Vector Operators: Gradient, Divergence and Curl 562.3.1 Gradient of a Scalar 572.3.2 Divergence of a Vector 582.3.3 Curl of a Vector 602.4 Divergence Theorem 622.5 Stokes’ Theorem 642.6 Two Vector Null Identities 662.6.1 Remarks 662.7 Chapter Summary 672.8 Problems 69Part I Historical Perspective 733 Electromagnetism 753.1 Introduction to Electromagnetism 753.1.1 Maxwell’s Six Experiments 773.2 Historical Perspective of Electromagnetic Theory 793.3 Time-varying/Dynamic Electromagnetics Field 813.3.1 Ohm’s Law 833.3.2 Maxwell’s Equations in Differential Form 843.3.3 Electromagnetic Waves 863.4 Discussion of Advanced Electromagnetic Theory 883.4.1 The Big Picture 893.4.2 Uniform Plane Wave as Wireless Channel 903.5 Problems 933.5.1 Section I: Historical Perspective of AEM 933.5.2 Section III: Magnetostatics 934 Electrostatics 994.1 Detailed Revision of Electromagnetic Fundamentals 994.1.1 Electric Charges and Coulomb Law 994.1.2 Application of Electric Charges 1034.2 Electric Field Intensity 1044.2.1 Concept of Electric Potential 1144.2.2 Calculation of Potential 1154.2.3 Gradient and Equipotential Surface 1164.2.4 Electric Flux Density 1174.3 Gauss’ Law 1194.3.1 Divergence and Point Forms of Gauss Law 1214.4 Electrostatic Current and Ohm’s Law 1224.4.1 Types of Electric Currents 1224.5 Electric Energy and Joule’s Law 1274.6 Boundary Value Problem and Electrostatic Boundary Conditions 1304.6.1 Fields on a General Material Interface 1304.7 Electrostatic Potential Energy 1344.7.1 Electric Potential Energy of a Capacitor 1354.8 Summary of Electrostatic Theory 1374.9 Problems 1384.9.1 Electrostatic Theory 138References 1475 Magnetostatics 1495.1 Magnetostatic 1495.1.1 Oersted’s Experiment 1525.2 Magnetic Flux Density 1545.3 Ampere’s Circuital Law 1565.3.1 Point form of Amperes’ Circuital Law: A Few Case Studies 1575.4 Magnetic Vector Potential 1635.4.1 Biot–Savart’s Law 1665.4.2 Magnetic Field Due to Infinite Line Current 1705.4.3 Magnetic Dipole 1725.4.4 Comparing Biot–Savart and Ampere’s Circuital Laws 1745.5 Boundary Conditions of Magnetic Fields 1745.5.1 Boundary Conditions for Normal Components of B 1765.6 Boundary Conditions for Tangential Components of H 1775.7 Magnetic Energy and Inductance 1805.8 Mutual Inductance 1865.8.1 Case Study: Cochlear Implant 1895.9 Duality Between Electric and Magnetic Circuit Quantities 1905.10 Summary of Chapter 1905.11 Problems 1925.11.1 Magnetic Field and Total Flux 1925.11.2 Lorentz Force 1925.11.3 Biot–Savart law and Ampere’s law 1935.11.4 Vector Magnetic Potential and Magnetic Flux 1945.11.5 Magnetic Boundary Conditions 1945.11.6 Inductance 195References 1966 Time-varying Electromagnetics 1976.1 Introduction 1986.2 The Dawn of Time-varying Electromagnetic Field 2046.3 Maxwell’s Current Continuity Equation 2096.4 Relaxation Time and Conductivity of Conductor 2116.5 Displacement Current 2126.6 Example of Displacement Current 2156.7 Maxwell’s Equations 2176.8 Boundary Conditions in Static Electromagnetic Fields 2206.8.1 Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions 2216.9 Boundary Conditions of Time-varying Electromagnetic Fields 2226.10 Non-homogenous Wave Equation for Potential Functions 2266.11 Retarded Potentials 2286.12 Homogenous Electromagnetic Wave Equations 2296.13 Usefulness of Phasor Notation of Field Quantities 2326.14 Electromagnetic Spectrum 2356.15 Summary of Time-varying Electromagnetism 2376.16 Chapter Summary 2396.17 Problems 2406.17.1 Faraday’s Law 2406.17.2 Displacement Current 2406.17.3 Maxwell’s Equations 2416.17.4 Retarded Magnetic Potential 243References 2437 Uniform Plane Wave 2457.1 Introduction to Uniform Plane Wave 2467.2 Fundamental Concept of Wave Propagation 2497.3 Plane Wave Concept 2527.4 One-dimensional Wave Equation Concept 2597.4.1 Exercises 2607.5 Wave Motion and Wave Front 2627.6 Phase Velocity of UPW 2637.7 Wave Impedance 2677.8 Time Harmonic Field Wave Equations 2697.8.1 Summary of Propagation Constant 2737.9 Refractive Index of Medium and Dispersion 2747.9.1 Summary of Wave Propagation in Lossless Medium 2767.10 Time Harmonic Wave Solution 2777.11 Polarisation of UPW 2797.12 Poynting Theorem 2827.13 Static Poynting Theorem 2877.13.1 Poynting Theorem for a Wire 2877.14 Energy Balance Equation in the Presence of a Generator: In-flux and Out-flow of Power 2897.15 Time Harmonic Poynting Vector 2907.16 Application: Doppler Radar 2967.17 Summary of Chapter 2987.18 Questions: UPW Propagation 3007.18.1 UPW Theory 3007.18.2 Propagation in Dielectric and Lossy Media 3017.18.3 Polarisation 3057.18.4 Poynting Theorem 3067.18.5 Doppler Effect 307Part II Boundary Value Problems 3098 Reflection and Transmission of Uniform Plane Wave 3118.1 Introduction 3118.2 Electromagnetic Waves Analysis in the Context of Boundary Value Problems 3168.3 Reflection and Refraction at Plane Surface 3198.4 Normal Incidence at Dielectric Boundary 3218.4.1 Calculation of Reflection and Transmission Coefficients 3248.4.2 Calculation of Electromagnetic Power Density 3278.5 Concept of Standing Waves 3358.5.1 Trigonometric Analysis of Standing Wave 3378.5.2 Time Domain Analysis of Standing Wave 3418.5.3 Phasor Vector Analysis of Standing Wave 3458.6 Problems 3518.6.1 Normal Incidence on Conductor and Applications 3518.6.2 Normal Incidence from Dielectric to Dielectric 3538.6.3 Normal incidence from air to lossy dielectric 3538.6.4 Transmission through multiple layers and applications 3558.6.5 Normal Incidence on Conductor and Applications 3568.6.6 Normal Incidence on Arbitrary Medium (Measuring of Dielectric Constant and Relative Permeability) 3578.6.7 Normal Incidence from Dielectric to Dielectric 3588.6.8 Normal Incidence from Air to Lossy Dielectric 3588.6.9 Transmission Through Multiple Layer and Applications 359Reference 3609 Propagation in Emerging and Advanced Materials 3619.1 Introduction 3629.2 Applications 3649.3 Normal Incidence on Imperfect Media 3679.3.1 Normal Incidence on Imperfect Conducting Boundary 3679.3.2 Normal Incidence on Imperfect Dielectric Boundary 3749.4 Applications of Normal Incidences on Lossy Dielectric Boundary 3779.4.1 Microwave Biomedical Engineering 3779.4.2 RF/Microwave Shielding For EMS Measures 3839.5 Oblique Incidence in Lossy Medium 3869.5.1 General Theory of Oblique Incidence from Air to Lossy Medium 3879.5.2 Oblique Incidence and Propagation in Good Conductor 3909.5.3 Oblique Incidence and Reflection from Lossy Medium 3939.5.4 Oblique Incidence: Reflection from Good Conductor 3949.5.5 Good Conductor to Good Conductor Interface 3969.5.6 Refraction for Two Conductive Media 4009.6 Emerging Applications AEM in Precision Agriculture 4069.6.1 Wireless Sensor 4089.6.2 Sensor Design 4119.6.3 Soil Moisture Remote Sensing Radiometer 4119.7 Summary of Chapter 4179.8 Problems 418References 42110 Electromagnetic Passive Guiding Devices 42310.1 Introduction 42510.2 Various Transmission Lines 42710.2.1 Coaxial Cable 42810.2.2 Two-wire Transmission Line 42810.2.3 Parallel Plate Transmission Line 42910.2.4 Microwave Printed Circuit Transmission Lines 42910.3 Transmission Line Theory 43010.3.1 Transmission Line Effect 43010.3.2 Electromagnetic Theory of Uniform Two-wire Transmission Line 43110.3.3 Lumped Versus Distributive Element Concepts in Transmission Line 43510.3.4 Telegraphists’ Equations 43710.3.5 Generic Wave Equations for Infinitely Long Transmission Line 43910.3.6 Voltage and Current Wave Equations for Lossless Transmission Line 44010.3.7 Time Harmonic Voltage and Current Wave Equations of Lossy Transmission Line 44110.3.8 Distortionless Transmission Line ( _ r ′ l ′ = _ g ′ c ′ ) 44410.4 Calculations of Distributive Parameters of Transmission Lines 44910.4.1 Parallel-plate Transmission Line 45010.4.2 Two-wire Transmission Line 45210.4.3 Coaxial Cable 45410.4.4 Microstrip Transmission Line 45610.4.5 Stripline 45810.5 Loaded Transmission Line 46010.5.1 Definition of Terminated Transmission Line 46110.5.2 Theory of Terminated Transmission Lines 46110.5.3 Transmission Line Magic 46610.5.4 Load Reflection Coefficient 47610.5.5 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio of Terminated Line 47710.5.6 Practical Measurement of Unknown Load 48010.5.7 Power on Loaded Line 48310.5.8 Summary of Transmission Lines 48410.6 Smith Chart 48510.6.1 Derivation of Smith Chart 48810.6.2 Characteristics of Smith Chart 49510.6.3 Smith Chart: Points of Interest 49610.6.4 Standing Wave Pattern, V max and V min on Smith Chart 49910.6.5 Smith Chart as Admittance Chart 50010.6.6 Input Impedance Calculation Using Smith Chart 50210.6.7 Lossy Transmission Line Analysis Using the Smith Chart 50310.6.8 Summary of Smith Chart 50410.7 Conclusion 505References 50611 Electromagnetic Testing Method 50711.1 Basic Principles 50811.1.1 Non-destructive Testing 50811.1.2 Eddy Currents 50911.1.3 Electromagnetic Induction 50911.2 History of Electromagnetic Testing 50911.2.1 Hughes’ EC Test 50911.2.2 Early Tests for EC and Hysteresis Losses in Electrical Steel Sheets 51011.2.3 Developments in Electromagnetic Induction Tests 51111.2.4 Microwave Non-destructive Testing 51111.3 Who Conducted ET Method? 51211.3.1 TÜV Rheinland 51211.3.2 Underwriters Laboratories 51311.3.3 Sgs 51311.3.4 Intertek 51411.4 Standard for ET Method 51411.4.1 Who Writes This Standard? 51411.4.2 International Standards 51611.4.3 Testing Procedures 51711.4.4 Importance of ET 51711.5 Type of Standard 51711.5.1 Basic EMC Publications 51711.5.2 EMC Product Standards 51811.5.3 EMC Product Family Standards 51811.5.4 Generic EMC Standards 51911.6 Types of ET 52011.6.1 Eddy Current Testing 52011.6.2 Remote Field Testing 52611.6.3 Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing 52811.6.4 Alternating Current Field Measurement 531References 53512 Simulation Tools and Artificial Intelligence 53712.1 Summary 53712.2 Key Applications of AI in EM Simulation 53712.3 History of Artificial Intelligence 53912.4 Functions of AI 53912.4.1 Introduction 53912.4.2 AI In Electromagnetism 53912.5 Antenna Design and Optimisation 54112.5.1 Optimisation Algorithms 54112.5.2 Machine Learning 54412.6 Electromagnetic Simulation and Modelling 54612.6.1 Optimisation of Design Parameters 54612.6.2 Speeding Up Simulations 54712.6.3 Case Studies and Applications 54712.7 Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility 54812.7.1 Machine-learning Models 54812.7.2 Neural Networks 54812.7.3 Dynamic Optimisation 54812.7.4 Additional AI Applications in EMI and EMC 55012.8 Wireless Communication 55112.8.1 Spectrum Sensing 55212.8.2 What Can AI Help to Improve These Sensing? 55612.8.3 Application Scenarios 55712.8.4 Future Developments 55912.9 Non-destructive Testing 55912.9.1 The Role of AI in NDT 55912.9.2 Challenges of AI Integration in NDT 56012.10 Radar and Imaging Systems 560References 56313 Radio Frequency Sources and Interference 56513.1 Introduction 56513.1.1 Purpose and Scope 56513.1.2 Importance of RF Sources and EMI/EMC in Modern Technology 56513.1.3 Overview of the Report Structure 56613.2 Fundamentals of RF Sources 56613.2.1 Definition and Types of RF Sources 56613.2.2 Applications of RF Sources in Different Industries 56813.2.3 Basic Principles of RF Signal Generation 56813.2.4 Common RF Components and Circuits 56913.3 Types of RF Sources 56913.3.1 Oscillators (Crystal, Voltage-controlled, etc.) 56913.3.2 Role in RF Systems 57013.3.3 Signal Generators 57013.3.4 RF Transmitters and Transceivers 57113.3.5 Solid-state and Tube-based RF Sources 57213.4 Design and Operation of RF Sources 57213.4.1 Key Design Considerations (Frequency Stability, Power Output, Modulation) 57213.4.2 Practical Aspects of RF Source Design 57313.4.3 Modern Advancements in RF Source Technology 57313.5 Introduction to EMI/EMC 57413.5.1 Definition and Significance 57413.5.2 Regulatory Standards and Compliance 57513.5.3 Basic Concepts and Terminology 57513.6 Sources of EMI 57613.6.1 Natural Sources (Lightning, Solar Flares) 57613.6.2 Man-made Sources (Electrical Equipment, RF Transmitters) 57713.6.3 Characteristics and Behaviours of EMI 57813.7 Effects of EMI 57813.7.1 Impact on Electronic Devices and Systems 57813.7.2 Examples of EMI-related Failures and Incidents 57913.7.3 Importance of Mitigating EMI 57913.8 EMC Design Principles 57913.8.1 Design Strategies to Enhance EMC 57913.8.2 Shielding, Filtering and Grounding Techniques 58013.8.3 PCB Layout Considerations for EMC 58013.9 Testing and Measurement for EMI/EMC 58113.9.1 Methods for EMI/EMC Testing 58113.9.2 Equipment Used for Measurement (Spectrum Analysers, EMC Chambers) 58213.9.3 Pre-compliance and Compliance Testing Procedures 58213.10 Case Studies and Applications 58313.10.1 Case Studies Highlighting EMI/EMC Challenges and Solutions 58313.10.2 Applications in Various Industries (Automotive, Aerospace, Telecommunications and Medical Devices) 58313.11 Future Trends and Technologies 58313.11.1 Emerging Technologies in RF Sources and EMI/EMC Mitigation 58313.11.2 The Role of AI and ML in EMI/EMC Analysis 58413.11.3 Future Challenges and Research Directions 58413.12 Conclusion 58413.12.1 Summary of Key Points 58413.12.2 The Importance of Continued Innovation and Compliance 58513.12.3 Final Thoughts and Recommendations 585References 58514 Deep Space Communications and Positioning 58914.1 Introduction 58914.2 The History of NASA’s DSN 59014.3 The DSN Functional Description 59114.3.1 What Is DSN? 59114.3.2 Radiometric Data and the Doppler Effect in Deep Space Communication 59214.4 Advanced Techniques in Deep Space Navigation 59414.4.1 Delta Differential One-way Ranging 59414.4.2 Command Processing and Radiation 59514.5 Telemetry Operations in the DSN 59714.5.1 Telemetry Demodulation and Decoding 59714.5.2 Data Acquisition and Processing 59814.6 DSN Capabilities and Innovations 60014.6.1 DSN Performance 60014.6.2 Deep Space Communications Complexes 60114.6.3 Types of DSSs 60214.6.4 Antenna Arraying 60314.7 Data Types and Handling in the DSN 60514.7.1 The Seven Data Types of the DSN 60514.7.2 DSN’s Trace Data Flow 60714.8 The Role of the DSN in the Apollo Program 60914.8.1 DSN’s Contribution to Lunar Communication 60914.8.2 The DSN Wing Concept 610References 610Index 615