Electrode Materials in Energy Storage Technologies

Applications in Lithium-, Sodium-, Potassium-, Sulfur- and Zinc-Based Rechargeable Batteries

Inbunden, Engelska, 2025

Av Liqiang Xu, Liqiang (Shandong University) Xu

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Discover the necessary materials for building better and cheaper batteries for a sustainable future The search for renewable energy sources is one of the most vital steps towards a sustainable future. The rapid development of new energy technology has placed considerable pressure on the production of rechargeable batteries in recent years. Electrode materials, which provide the “heart” of the rechargeable battery, are therefore necessarily the focus of any efforts to produce cheaper, more and more sustainable battery-powered systems. Electrode Materials in Energy Storage Technologies provides a comprehensive overview of all key electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. Beginning with an introduction to rechargeable battery technology, it moves to analysis of specific systems. Complete with an in-depth understanding of essential electrochemical mechanisms, it’s an indispensable guide to a core aspect of the ongoing energy revolution. Electrode Materials in Energy Storage Technologies readers will also find: A focus on design, structure-property relationships, and applications of electrode materialsDetailed discussion of materials including lithium, sodium, potassium, zinc, and moreNumerous practical applications with an emphasis on safety, sustainability, and market trendsElectrode Materials in Energy Storage Technologies is ideal for material scientists and chemists of all kinds.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2025-07-16
Mått170 x 244 x 15 mm
Vikt680 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor400
FörlagWiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
ISBN9783527353583

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Liqiang Xu, Ph.D. He received his Ph.D. degree in inorganic chemistry from the University of Science and Technology of China in 2005 and has been working at Shandong University since then. From May 2012 to May 2013, he served as a Research Fellow at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. He is currently the professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, and Ningxia University. Prof. Xu focuses on the rational design of functional electrode materials, systematically studying their structure-property relationships and investigating their applications in energy storage and conversion. Professor Liqiang Xu has authored over 140 scientific publications and has received numerous scientific awards, including the Second Prize of the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Award in 2020 and 2023.He has been recognized as a Distinguished Young and Middle-Aged Scholar at Shandong University, a High-Level Talent of Shandong Province, a Senior Member of the Chinese Chemical Society, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, and a Changjiang Scholar Distinguished Professor under the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China.

About the Editor xiiiPreface xv1 Research Developments on Lithium-Ion Batteries 1lishan Yang, Da Xiong, Yangfan li, Xiang Wang, Boyao Gan, and Xinkang liOutline 11.1 Polyanion Cathodes 11.1.1 Lithium Iron Phosphate 21.1.2 Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate 31.2 Layered Oxide Cathodes 41.3 Spinel Structure Cathodes 81.4 Anode Materials 91.5 Cell Technology 101.5.1 Battery Cells 101.5.2 Cell Integration Technology 131.6 Electrolyte 131.7 Binders 151.8 Outlook 16References 182 Evaluation of Sodium-Ion Battery: Fast-Charging Next Generation 25Muhammad Mamoor and Liqiang Xu2.1 Motivation for Exploring Na-Ion Batteries 252.2 Fundamental of SIBs 272.3 Cathode Materials: Strategies for Improvement 292.3.1 Layered Oxides 292.3.1.1 Challenges – Structure Characteristic and Failure Mechanism 292.3.1.2 Honeycomb-Ordered Superlattice Structure: Crystal Parameter Modulation 312.3.2 Recent Progress of Phosphate-Based Polyanion 332.3.2.1 Tuning Voltage and Capacity of NASICON 332.3.3 Optimizing Composition and Morphology: Prussian Blue Analog 372.3.4 Exploring Sustainable Alternatives: Organic Cathodes 382.4 Performance Optimization Strategies of Different Electrolytes for Fast Charging 402.4.1 Electrolyte Desolvation Strategies 412.4.2 Electrode–Electrolyte Interphase 432.4.3 Organic Electrolyte 482.5 Electrolyte Additives 512.5.1 Specific Groups of Additives 512.6 Performance Optimization Strategies for Fast-Charging Anode Materials 662.6.1 Porous Engineering 672.6.2 Nanostructuring 692.6.2.1 Templated-Assisted Strategies 712.6.3 Conductive Coating and Modification 752.6.4 Managing Volume Expansion: Alloy-Based Anodes 762.6.5 Conversion and Intercalation–Conversion Anode Materials: Balancing Capacity and Cyclability 782.6.6 2D Materials: Leveraging Unique Structures for Sodium Storage 812.7 Anode-Free SIBs: Design and Working Principle 842.7.1 Electrochemically Stable Electrolyte 852.8 All-Climates Sodium-Ion Batteries 872.8.1 Challenges for SIBs at Extreme Low Temperatures 882.8.2 Challenges for SIBs at High Temperatures 902.9 Na-Powered Progress: The Rise of Commercial Sodium-Ion Cells 912.9.1 Electrochemical Systems 922.9.2 The Price of Progress: SIB Baseline Cost Framework Study 932.9.3 SIB Cost Reduction: Aiming for $0.05 kWh − 1 942.10 Summary and Prospect 94References 973 Research Development on Potassium-Ion Batteries and Potassium–Sulfur Batteries 105Yanyan He, Junhui Li, and Yuxin Dai3.1 Introduction to Potassium-Ion Batteries 1053.1.1 A Brief History of Potassium-Ion Battery Development 1053.1.2 Aqueous Potassium-Ion Batteries 1063.2 The Composition and Working Principle of Potassium-Ion Batteries 1073.3 Cathode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries 1093.3.1 Layered Metal Oxides 1103.3.1.1 Challenges and Strategies 1133.3.1.2 Chromium-Based Metal Oxide 1133.3.1.3 Manganese-Based Metal Oxides 1143.3.1.4 Cobalt-Based Metal Oxide 1183.3.2 Polyanionic Compounds 1203.3.2.1 Challenges and Strategies 1213.3.2.2 Phosphates 1213.3.2.3 Fluorophosphates 1243.3.2.4 Pyrophosphates 1273.3.2.5 Oxyphosphates 1293.3.2.6 Sulfates and Fluorosulfates 1323.3.3 Prussian Blue Analog 1333.3.3.1 Challenges and Strategies 1343.3.3.2 KFeFe-Prussian Blue Analogs 1343.3.3.3 KMnFe-Prussian Blue Analogs 1373.3.3.4 Other Prussian Blue Analogs 1383.3.4 Organic Cathode Materials 1393.3.4.1 Challenges and Strategies 1393.3.4.2 Organic Small Molecules and Polymers 1403.4 Anode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries 1433.4.1 Intercalation-Type Anodes 1443.4.1.1 Challenges and Strategies 1443.4.1.2 Graphitic Carbon Materials 1453.4.1.3 Non-graphitic Carbon Materials 1463.4.1.4 Ti-Based Materials 1493.4.2 Alloying Reaction-Type Anodes 1513.4.2.1 Challenges and Strategies 1523.4.2.2 P-Based Anodes 1523.4.2.3 Sn-Based Anodes 1533.4.2.4 Sb-Based Anodes 1553.4.2.5 Bi-Based Anodes 1573.4.2.6 Si-Based Anodes 1603.4.2.7 Ge-Based Anodes 1613.4.3 Conversion Reaction-Type Anodes 1633.4.3.1 Challenges and Strategies 1633.4.3.2 Metal Oxides 1633.4.3.3 Metal Phosphides 1643.4.3.4 Metal Chalcogenides 1703.4.4 Organic Anode Materials 1863.4.4.1 Challenges and Strategies 1873.4.4.2 Carboxylate Organic Anode Materials 1873.4.4.3 Organic Anode Materials Based on Framework Compounds 1883.5 Electrolyte for Potassium-Ion Batteries 1893.5.1 Challenges and Strategies 1893.5.2 Water-Based Electrolyte 1893.5.3 Organic Electrolyte 1913.5.4 Ionic Electrolyte 1923.5.5 Solid Electrolyte 1933.6 Potassium–Sulfur Batteries 1943.6.1 Composition, Working Mechanism, and Challenges of Potassium–Sulfur Batteries 1943.6.2 Sulfur Cathodes 1953.6.3 Anodes 1973.6.4 Electrolytes 198References 2014 The Electrocatalyst Design for Lithium–Sulfur Battery 225Yueyue Kong, Bin Wang, Lu Wang, and Liqiang Xu4.1 Background 2254.2 Brief Introduction of Li–S Batteries 2254.2.1 The Development History of Li–S Batteries 2254.2.2 The Overview of Li–S Batteries 2264.2.3 The Working Principle of Li–S Batteries 2274.2.4 The Problems and Challenges of Li–S Battery 2294.3 The Electrocatalyst Design Strategies 2304.3.1 Micro/Nanostructure Design 2304.3.2 Defect Engineering 2344.3.3 Composition and Structural Manipulation 2364.3.4 Heterojunction Construction 2384.3.5 Alloy Electrocatalyst 2424.3.6 Other Electrocatalysts 2444.3.6.1 MOF Electrocatalysts 2444.3.6.2 Polyoxometalate (POM) Electrocatalysts 2454.3.6.3 Single-Atom (SA) Electrocatalysts 2474.4 Lithium Anode Protection 2494.4.1 Electrolyte Regulation 2494.4.2 Artificial Modification Layer on Lithium Anode 2524.5 In situ Characterization Method for Li–S Batteries 2524.5.1 In situ Spectroscopy Characterization 2534.5.1.1 In situ Raman Characterization 2534.5.1.2 In situ Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–vis) Characterization 2544.5.1.3 In situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Characterization 2554.5.2 In situ X-Ray Characterization 2564.5.2.1 In situ X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Characterization 2564.5.2.2 In situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) Characterization 2574.5.3 In situ Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Characterization 2584.5.4 In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Characterization 2604.5.5 In situ Stress Monitoring Characterization 2614.6 Practical Application Research of Li–S Batteries 2624.6.1 Pouch-Type Li–S Battery 2634.6.2 High- and Low-Temperature Electrochemical Performance 2654.7 Conclusion and Prospect 266References 2665 Room Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries: Challenges and Progress 277Mingyue Wang, Nana Wang, and Zhongchao Bai5.1 Introduction 2775.2 History of Na–S Batteries 2785.3 Reaction Mechanism of Room Temperature Na–S Batteries 2795.3.1 Reaction Mechanisms in Ether-Based Electrolytes 2795.3.2 Reaction Mechanisms in Carbonate-Based Electrolytes 2815.4 Challenges of Room Temperature Na–S Batteries 2815.5 Progress on Room Temperature Na–S Batteries 2835.5.1 Cathodes 2835.5.1.1 Carbon-S Cathodes 2835.5.1.2 Polymer-S Cathodes 2845.5.1.3 Electrocatalyst-Enhanced S Cathode 2855.5.2 Anodes 2885.5.3 Separators 2885.5.4 Electrolytes 2905.5.4.1 Liquid Electrolytes (LEs) 2905.5.4.2 Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) 2925.5.4.3 Solid-State Electrolytes (SSEs) 2925.6 Summary and Outlook 293References 2956 Zinc-Ion Rechargeable Battery 297Guangmeng Qu and Liqiang Xu6.1 Overview of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery 2976.2 Introduction 2986.2.1 Development History 2986.2.2 Structure and Components of AZIBs 2996.2.3 Energy Storage Mechanism 3016.3 Cathode Materials for AZIBs 3056.3.1 Vanadium-Based Compound Cathode Materials 3056.3.1.1 Layered Vanadium-Based Compound 3066.3.1.2 Vanadium-Based Compounds with Tunnel Structure 3086.3.1.3 Vanadium-Based Compounds with Spinel Structure 3106.3.1.4 Polyanion-Type Vanadium-Based Compounds 3106.3.1.5 Modification Strategy of Vanadium-Based Cathode Materials 3116.3.2 Manganese-Based Oxide Cathode Materials 3196.3.2.1 α-MnO2 3196.3.2.2 β-MnO2 3206.3.2.3 γ-MnO2 3206.3.2.4 δ-MnO2 3216.3.2.5 λ-MnO2 3216.3.2.6 ε-MnO2 3226.3.2.7 Other Manganese-Based Compounds 3226.3.2.8 Modification Strategy of Mn-Based Oxide Cathode Materials 3236.3.3 Prussian Blue Analogs (PBAs) Cathode Materials in Zinc-Ion Batteries 3326.3.3.1 Synthesis Methods for PBA Cathode Materials 3336.3.3.2 Optimization Strategy of PBA Cathode Materials 3346.3.4 Halogen-Based (Iodine/Bromine) Cathode Materials for AZIBs 3366.3.4.1 Iodine-Based Cathode Materials for AZIBs 3366.3.4.2 Bromine-Based Cathode Materials for AZIBs 3406.3.5 Organic Compounds Cathode Materials for AZIBs 3436.3.5.1 Conductive Polymers 3436.3.5.2 Carbonyl Compounds 3466.3.5.3 Imine Compounds 3476.3.5.4 Nitroxide Radicals Compounds 3476.3.5.5 COFs and MOFs 3486.4 Zinc Metal Anode Materials 3496.4.1 Challenges and Issues of Zinc Anodes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries 3506.4.1.1 Zinc Deposition and Dendrite Growth 3506.4.1.2 Water-Induced Interface Side Reactions 3526.4.2 Zinc Anode Protection Strategies 3536.4.2.1 Surface-Coating Modification of Zinc Anodes 3536.4.2.2 3D Structure Design of Zinc Metal Anode Materials 3546.4.2.3 Zinc Alloy Anodes 3556.4.2.4 Electrolyte Design to Optimize Zinc Anode 3566.5 Summary and Future Outlook 358References 359Index 367