Edward Glazier is Vice-President of Impact Assessment, Inc., a firm specializing in social-environmental research along the coastal zone of the U.S. and abroad.

• Foreword xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xxviiList of Acronyms xxixSection 1: Ecosystem Science and PlanningChapter 1 Introduction to Ecosystem Science and Planning 3Background 3Workshop Goal and Objectives 4Organization 4Opening Discussion 5Ms Kitty M Simonds 5Opening Presentations 6Steve Murawski 6Carl Walters 11Paul Dalzell 15Gerard DiNardo 20Chapter 2 Data Sources 23Fishery-Dependent Data 23Kurt Kawamoto 23Russell Ito 27Michael Quach 27Resource and Habitat Data 31Russell Brainard 32Frank Parrish 33Bud Antonelis 33Oceanographic Data 35Russell Moffitt 35Reconstructing Time-Series Catch Data 38Dirk Zeller 38References 41Chapter 3 Ecosystem Models and Modeling 43Lessons from Other Regions 43Neil Gribble 43Jerald Ault 47Carl Walters 50Villy Christensen 51Patrick Lehodey 53Jeff Polovina 54References 64Chapter 4 Ecosystem Indicators 65David Kirby 65Robert Wakeford 67Mike Fogarty 68David Witherell 70References 77Chapter 5 Working Groups 79Prelude to Breakout Sessions 79Data Needs Working Group Report 82Ecosystem Models Working Group Report 86Indicators Working Group Report 87References 91Chapter 6 Synthesis 93Summary Synthesis: Mike Orbach 93Summary Synthesis: David Fluharty 95Conclusions and Recommendations 97Reference 101Section 2: Ecosystem Social Science and PlanningChapter 7 Background on Ecosystem Social Science and Planning 105Rationale and Questions for an EAFM in the Western Pacific 105Purpose of the Social Science Workshop 107Organization of the Chapter 107Western Pacific Council Mission and Purview 107Brief Overview of the Fisheries 108A History of EAFM in the Pacific Islands 111Pacific Islands and Ecosystems 112The Antiquity of Ecosystem Concepts in the Region 113The Ahupua‘a and Other Forms of EAFM in the Pacific Islands 114Formal Conceptual and Policy Background 118References 125Chapter 8 Introduction to Ecosystem Social Science and Planning 129Workshop Goal and Objectives 129Introductory Presentations 130Kitty Simonds 130Paul Dalzell 132Steven Murawski 136Samuel Pooley 137Michael Orbach 139Susan Hanna 142Reference 144Chapter 9 Ecosystem Social Science Models 145Jeffrey Johnson 145Richard Pollnac 148Lee Anderson 150Tim Hennessey 152Chapter 10 Social Science Data Sources 155Bryan P Oles 155Susan Abbott-Jamieson 156Peter Wiley 158Island Context and Social Science Data Challenges and Solutions 160Paul Dalzell 160Craig Severance 162Paul Bartram 163Fini Aitaoto 166Judith R Amesbury 168Jesse Rosario 170John Gourley 171Chapter 11 Social and Economic Indicators and Applications for EAFM in the Pacific 173Patrick Christie 173Leah Bunce 176Joeli Veitayaki 178Leanne Fernandes 181Leimana DaMate 182Chapter 12 Synthesis: Toward Incorporating Social Science in EAFM 185Drawing on Ancient Concepts and Practices 185Existing Institutions and Institutional Parameters 186Pursuing Ecosystem Goals and Objectives through Application of Social Science 188Research and Monitoring of Direct Ecosystem Relationships 188A Note on Social and Economic Indicators 191Research and Monitoring of Indirect Ecosystem Relationships and Effects 192Choices and Priorities 193Elements of Social Science Approaches to EAFM in the Western Pacific Region 194Addressing Variation with an Adaptive Approach 195Steps for Incorporating Social Science in EAFM in the Region 196References 198Chapter 13 Summary Conclusions 199Summary Points of Particular Relevance to Council FEP Objectives 199Concluding Discussion 201Section 3: The Ecosystem Policy WorkshopChapter 14 Introduction to Ecosystem Policy 205Background 205An Ecosystem Approach for the Western Pacific 206A Vast and Complex Region 206Addressing Uncertainties with an Adaptive and Incremental Strategy 207The Suitability of EAFM Policy in the Western Pacific 208Prelude to the Ecosystem Policy Workshop 209Organization of the Chapter 209References 210Chapter 15 Ecosystem Policy 211Objectives and Issues 211Overview of Findings 212References 212Chapter 16 Opening Presentations 213Kitty Simonds 213Samuel Pooley 213Michael Orbach 214David Fluharty 215Paul Dalzell 216David Kirby 219Frank Parrish 220Susan Hanna 222Stewart Allen 223Chapter 17 Policy for Indigenous Resource User Groups 227David Kirby 228John Gourley 228Judith Amesbury 230Fini Aitaoto 231Leimana DaMate 232Colin Kippen 234Paul Dalzell 235Chapter 18 Options for Community and Agency Interaction 241Paul Dalzell 242Jared Makaiau 243Reference 245Chapter 19 Conclusions and Recommendations 247Overview 247Potential Benefits of the EAFM 248Summary Recommendations for Maximizing the Benefits of the New Approach 249Biophysical Workshop Recommendations Reiterated 249Social Science Ecosystem Workshop Recommendations Reiterated 250Policy Workshop Recommendations for Enhancing Participation 251Policy Workshop Recommendations for Identifying Fiscal and Human Resources 252Conclusions and Final Recommendations 253References 256Appendix A: Speaker Biographies 257Appendix B: Select Demographic Tables 269Index 273

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