Eco-design of Marine Infrastructures

Sylvain Pioch holds a PhD in Geography and Planning, is an Ecological Engineer (AFIE) and a Senior Lecturer at Paul Valéry University, Montpellier 3, France. He works on the assessment of the impacts of coastal developments, eco-design and ecological maritime restoration.Jean-Claude Souche holds a PhD and is a civil engineer. As well as being a teacher-researcher, he is also Head of the Civil Engineering and Sustainable Building department at IMT Mines Alès, France. He is a specialist in port and coastal civil engineering, and in the eco-design of maritime works and their interactions with their environment.

• Foreword ixPreface xiAcknowledgments xvChapter 1. Principles and Genesis of Maritime Eco-design 1 1.1. Principles of maritime eco-design 21.2. Definition of eco-design of marine infrastructures 41.3. Japanese inspiration 81.3.1. Influence of the Japanese vision for sea-friendly development projects 81.3.2. The Japanese Sato-umi 101.3.3. Artificial marine habitats: Japanese origin of inspiration for eco-design 111.4. Assessing the effects of a project on the environment: the impact study 121.4.1. Designing a better project for the environment 141.4.2. Informing the administrative authority on the decision to be taken 141.5. The “no net loss of biodiversity” objective: a regulatory obligation for developers, an opportunity for eco-design 171.6. Specificities of the environmental assessment related to the marine environment: the “natural” public maritime domain concept 191.6.1. The natural public maritime domain, an essential concept 191.6.2. Managing the marine environment: a necessarily integrated approach 23Chapter 2. Maritime Civil Engineering 272.1. General information 282.2. Typology of coastlines 302.2.1. Coastal classification and sea-level evolution 302.2.2. Sea-level fluctuations and coastline erosion 332.2.3. Rocky shores 352.2.4. Soft coastlines 362.2.5. Fine material shorelines 382.2.6. Coral bioconstructed coastlines and mangroves 392.2.7. Assessment 412.3. Coastal defense works 412.3.1. Main transverse structures: groins and jetties 422.3.2. Main longitudinal structures: breakwaters and upper beach structures 432.4. Port structures 472.4.1. Criteria for establishing a port 472.4.2. Geographical location 482.4.3. Economic criteria 492.4.4. Operating principles of ports 512.4.5. Typology of port structures 562.5. Design approach 592.5.1. The design methodology 592.5.2. Ocean data 622.5.3. Service actions 702.5.4. The usual design criteria 732.5.5. Geotechnical data 742.5.6. Data on construction materials 792.5.7. Synthesis 87Chapter 3. Eco-design of Marine Infrastructures 893.1. The evolution of research work towards the eco-design of marine structures 903.2. The modernized approach to project management 963.2.1. Eco-design actors 1013.2.2. Development and maturation of an eco-designed development project 1033.3. The methodological approach to eco-design: responding to the expressed need 1093.3.1. Eco-design, an adapted technical response for engineers and project managers 1103.3.2. Eco-design as a lever for modernizing the execution of works 1173.3.3. Monitoring, control, validation and satisfaction for the user and nature 1213.4. Infrastructure as a new support for marine life 1223.4.1. Biophysical data of the environment 1233.4.2. Integration of the infrastructure into an ecosystem 1303.4.3. Bio-inspiration and design of eco-designed structures 1443.5. Eco-design at the material level: the example of concrete 1443.5.1. A little history 1443.5.2. Concrete, the state of the art 1503.5.3. Concrete formulations 1563.5.4. The integrative eco-design of the performance approach: perspectives 159Chapter 4. Evidence Through Experience: Examples of Eco-designed Marine Projects 1634.1. Mayotte submarine pipeline: an initial eco-designed marine structure 1674.2. Bio-inspiration and nature-based solutions for artificial reef design 1774.2.1. The value of creating artificial habitats 1784.2.2. The issue of fish habitat creation 1794.3. The scope of port eco-design 1834.3.1. The concept of port eco-design 1834.3.2. Eco-design of the port of Guilvinec-Lechiagat 1854.3.3. Ecological structures designed as natural grass beds 1864.3.4. “Calais Port 2015” port project 1874.4. Eco-design for coastal protection 1914.4.1. Beneficial use of coastal sediment transport: the Sand Motor project 1924.4.2. The experience of the ECOncrete company 1944.4.3. Landscape redevelopment of the East Darling Harbour waterfront in Sydney 1964.4.4. CLI’s experience with concrete dike shells: the need for eco-design 1984.4.5. Eco-design of the Brest harbor breakwater 2004.5. Biomimetic artificial reefs in Corsica (Ajaccio) 2024.6. Artificial island eco-design 2084.6.1. The Monegasque government’s vision for the Principality of Monaco’s offshore extension 2084.6.2. The genesis of the eco-design of the Monegasque artificial peninsula project 2144.7. Eco-design of mooring systems 2164.7.1. Eco-design of moorings for recreational vessels in Guadeloupe 2174.7.2. Eco-design of moorings for large vessels and yachts as a solution for the protection of the Mediterranean Posidonia meadow 2254.8. Eco-design of offshore viaduct piles 2324.9. Offshore wind farm project eco-design: multi-use perspectives 236Conclusion 239References 243Index 259