“Understanding the complex involvement of powerful outside forces, a brutal world war, and an opportunity for groups that saw a chance at independence requires careful examination, and Professor Wang’s book does an admirable job in doing so. His exceptionally well-written book offers numerous insights, many based on materials that range from diaries and documents to memoirs and personal interviews. Altogether, Wang’s recently translated account strengthens our understanding of Xinjiang’s mid-20th century conundrum.” —Linda Benson, Professor Emerita, Oakland University“This research, now available in English, is an important addition to the growing library of work on modern Xinjiang and Uyghur history.” —James Millward, Professor, Georgetown University