Discovering Superconductivity

An Investigative Approach

Häftad, Engelska, 2012

Av Gren Ireson, Gren (Nottingham Trent University) Ireson

539 kr

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Superconductivity is a quantum phenomenon that manifests itself in materials showing zero electrical resistance below a characteristic temperature resulting in the potential for an electric current to run continually through such a material without the need for a power source. Such materials are used extensively in medical and power applications, e.g. MRI and NMR machines. Discovering Superconductivity uses a series of practical and investigative activities, which can be used as tutor demonstrations or as student lab exercises.This highly illustrated text features the following sections: Introduction - including a brief history of superconductivitySuperconductivity - an explanation of the phenomenon and its effectsSuperconducting materials – including High & Low temperature superconductorsApplications – how superconductivity is used in medical imaging, at CERN and in the Maglev trainsThis text will serve as an excellent introduction for students, with or without a physics background, to superconductivity. With a strong practical, experimental emphasis, it provides readers with an overview of the topic preparing them for more advanced texts used in advanced undergraduate and post-graduate courses.PowerPoint files of the figures presented within this text are available at: booksupport.wiley.comA word from the author: "The intention of this text is to introduce the reader to the study of superconductivity via a minds-on approach .... The minds-on approach takes this a stage further by requiring the learner to engage with the process to a greater extent."

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2012-08-31
Mått152 x 231 x 9 mm
Vikt322 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor192
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119991403

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Elektronik och kommunikationer inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Professor Gren Ireson is Professor of Science Education and his research interests include the learning and teaching of particle physics, quantum phenomena and superconductivity.He teaches an undergraduate certificate course, delivering particle physics, astrophysics and quantum phenomena. For the past seven years he has been involved in pan-European projects developing electronic resources, paper resources, training materials and novel investigations for the learning and teaching of superconductivity. This work, currently ongoing, is based on four EU funded projects.In addition to delivering this material to undergraduate certificate students the author has delivered the material to advanced school teachers, post graduate scientists [non-physicists] and to students and faculty within the School of Science and Technology at Nottingham Trent University.

List of Figures ixList of Tables xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgements xviiTo the Teacher xixTo the Student xxiSECTION I Introduction 11 Resistivity and Conduction in Metals 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Resistivity 31.3 Conduction in Metals 51.4 Revisiting Ohm’s Law 7References 112 A Brief History of Superconductivity 132.1 Introduction 132.2 The Beginning: Kwik Nagenoeg Nul 132.3 1933 – Perfect Diamagnetism? 162.4 The London Brothers 192.5 1957 – The BCS Theory 192.6 1962 – The Josephson Effect 212.7 1986 – Bednorz and Mu¨ ller and OxideSuperconductors 222.8 2003 – Abrikosov, Ginzburg and Leggett – andthe Future 222.9 Getting Cold Enough 24References 26SECTION II Superconductivity 293 An Explanation of Superconductivity? 313.1 Transition Temperature 323.2 Two-Fluid Model 343.3 Critical Field, Critical Current 363.4 Schawlow and Devlin 383.5 The London Equation 393.6 BCS Theory 413.6.1 The Isotope Effect 443.6.2 The Energy Gap 443.7 An Alternative Approach to the Energy Gap 453.7.1 Electron–Electron Attraction 47References 494 The Meissner–Ochsenfeld Effect 51References 595 Diamagnetic Effects 615.1 Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism 61References 676 Persistence of Current 696.1 Quinn and Ittner 71References 777 Type I and Type II Superconductors 797.1 Critical Magnetic Field 79References 888 Flux Pinning 898.1 Vortex and Flux Lines 908.2 The Original Abrikosov 91References 95SECTION III Superconducting materials 979 Low-Temperature Superconductors 9910 Organic Superconductors 101References 10511 High-Temperature Superconductors 10711.1Magnesium Diboride 11111.2 Transition Temperature of High-Superconductors 112References 114SECTION IV Applications 11512 Superconducting Wire 11713 Medical Imaging 12113.1Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 12113.2Magnetoencephalography 12213.2.1 Neuronal Currents 127References 12814 CERN and the LHC 129References 13315 Maglev Trains 135Appendices 139A The BCS Theory 141B Flux Penetration 143C The Josephson Junction and the SQUID 147D MRI 151Generating the MRI Signal 151References 155E A Note on Superfluidity 157Index 163F A Note on Safety 161Index