Digital & Analog Communication Systems

Leon W. Couch graduated from Duke University in1963 with a BSEE degree. He earned his masters and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Florida in 1964 and 1967, respectively.  He spent his 36 year career in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL). In 1968 he was appointed Assistant Professor and he rose through the ranks to become Professor in 1984. From 1990 to 2004 he was the Associate Chair of the ECE Department at UF. Since 2004 he has been retired as Professor Emeritus.  His field of interest is in communications systems, with expertise in modulation theory and applications to wireless communication systems. At one time or another, he taught each of the different undergraduate and graduate communication courses in the UF ECE Department.

• Preface List of Symbols Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION1—1 Historical Perspective 1—2 Digital and Analog Sources and Systems 1—3 Deterministic and Random Waveforms 1—4 Organization of the Book 1—5 Use of a Personal Computer and MATLAB 1—6 Block Diagram of a Communication System 1—7 Frequency Allocations 1—8 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves 1—9 Information Measure 1—10 Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems 1—11 Coding Block Codes, Convolutional Codes, Code Interleaving, Code Performance, Trellis-Coded Modulation, 1—12 Preview 1—13 Study-Aid Examples Problems ¿Chapter 2. SIGNALS AND SPECTRA2—1 Properties of Signals and Noise Physically Realizable WaveformsTime Average OperatorDC ValuePowerRMS Value and Normalized PowerEnergy and Power WaveformsDecibelPhasors2—2 Fourier Transform and Spectra DefinitionProperties of Fourier TransformsParseval’s Theorem and Energy Spectral DensityDirac Delta Function and Unit Step FunctionRectangular and Triangular PulsesConvolution2—3 Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation Function Power Spectral DensityAutocorrelation Function2—4 Orthogonal Series Representation of Signals and Noise Orthogonal FunctionsOrthogonal Series2—5 Fourier Series Complex Fourier SeriesQuadrature Fourier SeriesPolar Fourier SeriesLine Spectra for Periodic WaveformsPower Spectral Density for Periodic Waveforms2—6 Review of Linear Systems Linear Time-Invariant SystemsImpulse ResponseTransfer FunctionDistortionless TransmissionDistortion of Audio, Video, and Data Signals2—7 Bandlimited Signals and Noise Bandlimited WaveformsSampling TheoremImpulse Sampling and Digital Signal Processing (DSP)Dimensionality Theorem2—8 Discrete Fourier Transform Using the DFT to Compute the Continuous Fourier TransformUsing the DFT to Compute the Fourier Series02—9 Bandwidth of Signals 2—10 Summary 2—11 Study-Aid Examples Problems Chapter 3 BASEBAND PULSE AND DIGITAL SIGNALING ¿ 3—1 Introduction 3—2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation Natural Sampling (Gating)Instantaneous Sampling (Flat-Top PAM)3—3 Pulse Code Modulation Sampling, Quantizing, and EncodingPractical PCM CircuitsBandwidth of PCM SignalsEffects of NoiseNonuniform Quantizing: _-Law and A-Law CompandingV.90 56-kb/s PCM Computer Modem3—4 Digital Signaling Vector RepresentationBandwidth EstimationBinary SignalingMultilevel Signaling3—5 Line Codes and Spectra Binary Line CodingPower Spectra for Binary Line CodesDifferential CodingEye PatternsRegenerative RepeatersBit SynchronizationPower Spectra for Multilevel Polar NRZ SignalsSpectral Efficiency3—6 Intersymbol Interference Nyquist’s First Method (Zero ISI)Raised Cosine-Rolloff Nyquist FilteringNyquist’s Second and Third Methods for Control of ISI3—7 Differential Pulse Code Modulation 3—8 Delta Modulation Granular Noise and Slope Overload NoiseAdaptive Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable SlopeDelta ModulationSpeech Coding3—9 Time-Division Multiplexing Frame SynchronizationSynchronous and Asynchronous LinesTDM HierarchyThe T1 PCM System3—10 Packet Transmission System 3—11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation 3—12 Summary 3—13 Study-Aid Examples Problems¿Chapter 4 BANDPASS SIGNALING PRINCIPLES AND CIRCUITS 4—1 Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Waveforms Definitions: Baseband, Bandpass, and ModulationComplex Envelope Representation4—2 Representation of Modulated Signals 4—3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signals 4—4 Evaluation of Power 4—5 Bandpass Filtering and Linear Distortion Equivalent Low-Pass FilterLinear Distortion4—6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem 4—7 Received Signal Plus Noise 4—8 Classification of Filters and Amplifiers FiltersAmplifiers4—9 Nonlinear Distortion 4—10 Limiters 4—11 Mixers, Up Converters, and Down Converters 4—12 Frequency Multipliers 4—13 Detector Circuits Envelope DetectorProduct DetectorFrequency Modulation Detector4—14 Phase-Locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers 4—15 Direct Digital Synthesis 4—16 Transmitters and Receivers Generalized TransmittersGeneralized Receiver: The Superheterodyne ReceiverZero-IF ReceiversInterference4—17 Software Radios 4—18 Summary 4—19 Study-Aid Examples Problems Chapter 5 AM, FM, AND DIGITAL MODULATED SYSTEMS5—1 Amplitude Modulation 5—2 AM Broadcast Technical Standards Digital AM Braodcasting5—3 Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier 5—4 Costas Loop and Squaring Loop 5—5 Asymmetric Sideband Signals Single SidebandVestigial Sideband5—6 Phase Modulation and Frequency Modulation Representation of PM and FM SignalsSpectra of Angle-Modulated SignalsNarrowband Angle ModulationWideband Frequency ModulationPreemphasis and Deemphasis in Angle-Modulated Systems5—7 Frequency-Division Multiplexing and FM Stereo 5—8 FM Broadcast Technical Standards Digital FM Braodcasting5—9 Binary Modulated Bandpass Signaling On-Off Keying (OOK)Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK)Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK)Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK)5—10 Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) and M-ary Phase-Shift Keying (MPSK)Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)OQPSK and _/4 QPSKPSD for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and _/4 QPSKSpectral Efficiency for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and _/4 QPSKwith Raised Cosine Filtering5—11 Minimum-Shift Keying (MSK) and GMSK 5—12 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 5—13 Spread Spectrum Systems Direct SequenceFrequency HoppingSS Frequency Bands5—14 Summary 5—15 Study-Aid Examples Problems Chapter 6 RANDOM PROCESSES AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS6—1 Some Basic Definitions Random ProcessesStationarity and ErgodicityCorrelation Functions and Wide-Sense StationarityComplex Random Processes6—2 Power Spectral Density DefinitionWiener-Khintchine TheoremProperties of the PSDGeneral Formula for the PSD of Digital SignalsWhite-Noise ProcessesMeasurement of PSD6—3 DC and RMS Values for Ergodic Random Processes 6—4 Linear Systems Input-Output Relationships6—5 Bandwidth Measures Equivalent BandwidthRMS Bandwidth6—6 The Gaussian Random Process Properties of Gaussian Processes6—7 Bandpass Processes Bandpass RepresentationsProperties of WSS Bandpass ProcessesProofs of Some Properties6—8 Matched Filters General ResultsResults for White NoiseCorrelation ProcessingTransversal Matched Filter6—9 Summary 6—10 Appendix: Proof of Schwarz’s Inequality 6—11 Study-Aid Examples ¿¿¿¿ Problems ¿Chapter 7 PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORRUPTED BY NOISE7—1 Error Probabilities for Binary Signaling General ResultsResults for Gaussian NoiseResults for White Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter ReceptionResults for Colored Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception7—2 Performance of Baseband Binary Systems Unipolar SignalingPolar SignalingBipolar Signaling7—3 Coherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals On-Off KeyingBinary-Phase-Shift KeyingFrequency-Shift Keying7—4 Noncoherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals On-Off KeyingFrequency-Shift KeyingDifferential Phase-Shift Keying7—5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and Minimum-Shift Keying 7—6 Comparison of Digital Signaling Systems Bit-Error Rate and BandwidthSymbol Error and Bit Error for Multilevel SignalingSynchronization7—7 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for PCM Systems 7—8 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Analog Systems Comparison with Baseband SystemsAM Systems with Product DetectionAM Systems with Envelope DetectionDSB-SC SystemsSSB SystemsPM SystemsFM SystemsFM Systems with Threshold ExtensionFM Systems with Deemphasis7—9 Comparison of Analog Signaling Systems Ideal System Performance7—10 Summary 7—11 Study-Aid Examples Problems Chapter 8 WIRE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS8—1 The Explosive Growth of Telecommunications 8—2 Telephone Systems Historical BasisModern Telephone Systems and Remote Terminals8—3 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) G.DMT and G.Lite Digital Subscriber LinesVideo On Demand (VOD)Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)8—4 Capacities of Public Switched Telephone Networks 8—5 Satellite Communication Systems Digital and Analog Television TransmissionData and Telephone Signal Multiple AccessSatellite Radio Broadcasting8—6 Link Budget Analysis Signal Power ReceivedThermal Noise SourcesCharacterization of Noise SourcesNoise Characterization of Linear DevicesNoise Characterization of Cascaded Linear DevicesLink Budget EvaluationEb/N0 Link Budget for Digital SystemsPath Loss for Urban Wireless Environments8—7 Fiber-Optic Systems 8—8 Cellular Telephone Systems First Generation (1G)–The AMPS Analog SystemSecond Generation (2G)–The Digital SystemsThe 1,-MHz Band PCS SystemsStatus of 2G NetworksThird Generation (3G) Systems8—9 Television Black-and-White TelevisionMTS Stereo SoundColor TelevisionStandards for TV and CATV SystemsDigital TV (DTV)8—10 Cable Data Modems 8—11 Wireless Data Networks Wi-FiWi-Max8—12 Summary 8—13 Study-Aid Examples Problems Appendix A¿ Mathematical Techniques, Identities, and TablesA—1 Trigonometry and Complex Numbers DefinitionsTrigonometric Identities and Complex NumbersA—2 Differential Calculus DefinitionDifferentiation RulesDerivative TableA—3 Indeterminate Forms A—4 Integral Calculus DefinitionIntegration TechniquesA—5 Integral Tables Indefinite IntegralsDefinite IntegralsA—6 Series Expansions Finite SeriesInfinite SeriesA—7 Hilbert Transform Pairs A—8 The Dirac Delta Function Properties of Dirac Delta FunctionsA—9 Tabulation of Sa(x) _ (sin x)/x A—10 Tabulation of Q(z ) Appendix B Probability and Random VariablesB—1 Introduction B—2 Sets B—3 Probability and Relative Frequency Simple ProbabilityJoint ProbabilityConditional ProbabilitiesB—4 Random Variables B—5 Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Density Functions Properties of CDFs and PDFsDiscrete and Continuous DistributionsB—6 Ensemble Average and Moments Ensemble AverageMomentsB—7 Examples of Important Distributions Binomial DistributionPoisson DistributionUniform DistributionGaussian DistributionSinusoidal DistributionB—8 Functional Transformations of Random Variables B—9 Multivariate Statistics Multivariate CDFs and PDFsBivariate StatisticsGaussian Bivariate DistributionMultivariate Functional TransformationCentral Limit TheoremProblems Appendix C Using MATLAB ¿C—1 Quick Start for Running M-Files C—2 Programming in MATLAB ReferencesAnswers to Selected Problems¿Index