Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Institute of Medicine has developed a new approach to establish Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and other nutrient reference values. The new title for these values Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), is the inclusive name being given to this new approach. These are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. This new book is part of a series of books presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients. It establishes recommendations for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids.This book presents new approaches and findings which include the following: * The establishment of Estimated Energy Requirements at four levels of energy expenditure * Recommendations for levels of physical activity to decrease risk of chronic disease * The establishment of RDAs for dietary carbohydrate and protein * The development of the definitions of Dietary Fiber, Functional Fiber, and Total Fiber * The establishment of Adequate Intakes (AI) for Total Fiber * The establishment of AIs for linolenic and a-linolenic acids * Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges as a percent of energy intake for fat, carbohydrate, linolenic and a-linolenic acids, and protein * Research recommendations for information needed to advance understanding of macronutrient requirements and the adverse effects associated with intake of higher amounts Also detailed are recommendations for both physical activity and energy expenditure to maintain health and decrease the risk of disease.
A Report of the Panel on Macronutrients, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes
Front MatterSummary1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes2 Methods and Approaches Used3 Relationship of Macronutrients and Physical Activity to Chronic Disease4 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels5 Energy6 Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches7 Dietary, Functional, and Total Fiber8 Dietary Fats: Total Fat and Fatty Acids9 Cholesterol10 Protein and Amino Acids11 Macronutrients and Healthful Diets12 Physical Activity13 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients14 A Research AgendaA Glossary and AcronymsB Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference IntakesC AcknowledgmentsD Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994E Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997G Special Analyses for Dietary FatsH Body Composition Data Based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994I Doubly Labeled Water Data Used to Predict Energy ExpenditureJ Association of Added Sugars Intake and Intake of Other NutrientsK Data Comparing Carbohydrate Intake to Intake of Other Nutrients from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998L Options for Dealing with UncertaintiesM Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in AdultsBiographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee MembersIndexSummary Tables, Dietary Reference Intakes
National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Institute of Medicine, and Families Board on Children, Youth, Steve Olson
Institute of Medicine, Board on the Health of Select Populations, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual
Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Division of International Health
Institute of Medicine, Committee to Develop Methods Useful to the Department of Veteran Affairs in Estimating Its Physician Requirements, Joseph Lipscomb
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, and Choline Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, and Choline Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Panel on Micronutrients
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes
Institute of Medicine, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, and Choline Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium, Heather B. Del Valle, Ann L. Yaktine, Christine L. Taylor, A. Catharine Ross
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water
and Medicine National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee for the Review of the Dietary Reference Intake Framework