Development of Anglican Moral Theology, 1680–1950

Peter H. Sedgwick, Ph.D. (1982), Durham University, was Principal of St. Michael’s College, Cardiff. He is a member of the Anglican Roman Catholic International Commission, Honorary Research Associate at Cardiff University and a fellow of the Center of Theological Inquiry, Princeton, USA. He has published widely, including The Origins of Anglican Moral Theology (Brill, 2018)

• ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart 1: 1680–18301 The Changing Interpretation of English Religion, 1680–17501 Introduction: The Shape of the First Two Chapters2 J. C. D. Clark and the Rethinking of English Politics after 16883 Religion in English Society after 16884 Religion in the Early Enlightenment5 Conclusion2 Theology and the English Enlightenment, 1660–17201 The End of the Reformation in Europe, and the Challenge to Christian Orthodoxy2 Revelation and Scripture in the Early Enlightenment3 Reason in the Early Enlightenment4 Thomas Hobbes5 John Locke and Empiricism6 The End of the Seventeenth Century in England: Cambridge Platonism and the Latitudinarians7 Shaftesbury and the Moral Sense School8 The Challenge of Shaftesbury to Orthodox Christianity3 Joseph Butler’s Rolls Sermons1 Butler’s Early Life and Education2 Butler and Samuel Clarke3 Butler’s Later Life, 1721–17524 Butler’s Refutation of Hobbes5 Butler on Shaftesbury and Hutcheson6 Butler’s Critique of Locke: Religious Affections7 Butler’s Critique of Locke: Personal Identity8 Butler on ‘Superior Principles’9 Butler on Benevolence10 Butler on Self-Love11 Butler on Conscience12 Butler on Self-Deceit13 The Significance of Butler4 William Law1 Introduction2 Law’s Life3 Law as a Non-Juror4 Law as Controversialist: Hoadly5 Law as Controversialist: Mandeville6 A Serious Call: Vocation7 A Serious Call: Asceticism8 A Serious Call: Literary Style9 A Serious Call: Celibacy and Virginity10 A Serious Call: An Ecclesial Ethic11 A Serious Call: The Place of Reason12 A Serious Call: Sanctification13 Conclusion5 Anglican Moral Theology, 1730–1800: Gay, Tucker, Paley and Wesley1 Introduction2 The Mid-Eighteenth Century and the Influence of Locke3 John Gay and Theological Utilitarianism4 Edmund Law and Richard Watson on Moral Teaching and Conscience5 William Paley and Later Theological Utilitarianism6 The Demise of Theological Utilitarianism7 John Wesley: Context and Life8 Wesley and Sanctification9 Wesley and Butler10 Wesley and Enthusiasm11 Wesley on Emotion in Moral Judgement12 Conclusion6 Coleridge1 Introduction2 The Re-evaluation of Coleridge3 Coleridge’s Life4 Coleridge on Paley and Jeremy Taylor5 Coleridge’s Reading of Neoplatonism6 Coleridge and Kant7 Coleridge and Aids to Reflection8 Coleridge’s Legacy9 ConclusionConclusion to Part 1Part 2: 1830–19507 John Henry Newman1 Introduction: The Changing Historiography on Newman2 The Anglican Newman3 Newman’s Life4 The Break with Evangelicalism5 Newman on Humility6 The Parochial Sermons7 The University Sermons8 Newman on Moral Character9 Newman on Conscience10 Newman on Personal Influence and Justice11 Newman on Personal Responsibility12 The Influence of Anglican Theologians: The Carolines13 The Influence of Anglican Theologians: Butler14 The Influence of Anglican Theologians: Coleridge15 Conclusion8 Frederick Denison Maurice1 Introduction2 Maurice’s Life3 Moral Philosophy at Cambridge4 Coleridge’s Influence on Maurice5 Maurice’s Theological Anthropology6 Maurice on Conscience7 Biblical Theology and Christian Ethics8 Criticisms of Maurice’s Theology9 Maurice’s Contribution to Anglican Moral Theology9 The Lux Mundi School1 Introduction2 The Influence of John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism3 The Lux Mundi Theologians: Charles Gore, Henry Scott Holland and R. C. Moberly4 Philosophical Idealism at Oxford5 Green’s Moral Philosophy6 Bradley on Self-Realization7 Donald MacKinnon on the British Idealists8 Gore on Christ’s Moral Character9 Gore on Social Morality10 Holland on Faith and Moral Will11 Holland on Christian Moral Character12 Moberly on Self-Realization13 Inge’s Response to Moberly’s Idealism14 Moberly on Penitence and Beauty15 Conclusion10 William Temple’s Christian Ethics1 Introduction2 Temple’s Life3 Edward Caird and William Temple4 The Faith and Modern Thought5 The Nature of Personality6 Mens Creatrix7 Christus Veritas8 Nature, Man and God9 Reviews of Nature, Man and God10 Temple’s Later Theology in the 1930s11 Temple’s Aquinas Lecture, 194312 Temple’s Significance11 Kenneth Kirk: History and Casuistry1 Introduction2 The Revival of Thomism and the First World War3 Kirk’s Life4 Casuistry and Conscience5 How the Church Can Change Its Mind6 Lambeth Conference, 19307 The Vision of God8 Contemporary Anglican Moral Theologians on Kirk9 ConclusionConclusion: Anglican Moral Theology 1680–1950BibliographyIndex

In a typically wide-ranging survey of three centuries of Anglican moral theology, Peter Sedgwick demonstrates the coherence and richness of a tradition which Anglicans today neglect at their peril. Every chapter raises fresh insights into thinkers who, even when seemingly at odds with each, sat inside a framework of moral reasoning which sought to promote holiness, to be practical and pastoral, and to express the worshipping life of the Church. Together with its companion volume covering an earlier period, this is surely the authoritative assessment of the Anglican moral tradition, demonstrating at every turn its enduring relevance. - Canon Dr. Jeremy Morris, National Adviser for Ecumenical Relations for the Church of England'This is a truly magisterial study, utilizing the best of recent scholarship across a very wide field and offering a coherent, original and fresh account of a major intellectual - and spiritual - tradition. It will be of lasting importance for all students of religious and social history. Bishop Rowan WilliamsMasterful in breadth, focus, and insight, this is the Anglican story of the different and often juxtaposed accounts of Christian faith and life in Christ that together lead from and to the Church as one and many. Highly recommended for scholars and students alike. Timothy F Sedgwick, Professor Emeritus, Virginia theological Seminary