Deep Earth

Hidenori Terasaki is a Professor in the Department of Earth and Space Science at Osaka University. Hidenori’s research focuses on studying the earth interior composition, with particular emphasis on measuring density, viscosity, interfacial tension, temperature and pressure related to mantle and core properties and formation. He is a recipient of the young scientist research award in the Mineralogical Society of Japan and Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology. He is a member of the American Geophysical Union, The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences and The Japanese Society for Planetary Science.Rebecca Fischer is a PhD candidate in the Department of the Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago. Her research focuses on the formation and chemical evolution of the Earth, with particular focus emphasis on the physical and chemical properties of minerals and melts at extreme conditions. She uses diamond anvil cells and laser-heating to experimentally recreate the high pressures (up to >150 GPa) and high temperatures (several thousand K) of the Earth’s deep interior, combined with numerical simulations of accretion. She has been the recipient of organizational fellowships and scholarships (NSF) for her scholarly research on the Interior of the Earth.

• Contributors vii Preface ixPart I: Thermal Strucure of Deep Earth 11 Melting of Fe Alloys and the Thermal Structure of the CoreRebecca A. Fischer 32 Temperature of the Lower Mantle and Core Based on Ab Initio Mineral Physics DataTaku Tsuchiya, Kenji Kawai, Xianlong Wang, Hiroki Ichikawa, and Haruhiko Dekura 133 Heat Transfer in the Core and MantleAbby Kavner and Emma S. G. Rainey 314 Thermal State and Evolution of the Earth Core and Deep MantleStéphane Labrosse 43Part II: Structures, Anisotropy, and Plasticity of Deep Earth Materials 555 Crystal Structures of Core MaterialsRazvan Caracas 576 Crystal Structures of Minerals in the Lower MantleJune K. Wicks and Thomas S. Duffy 697 Deformation of Core and Lower Mantle MaterialsSébastien Merkel and Patrick Cordier 898 Using Mineral Analogs to Understand the Deep EarthSimon A. T. Redfern 101Part III: Physical Properties of Deep Interior 1119 Ground Truth: Seismological Properties of the CoreGeorge Helffrich 11310 Physical Properties of the Inner CoreDaniele Antonangeli 12111 Physical Properties of the Outer CoreHidenori Terasaki 129Part IV: Chemistry and Phase Relations of Deep Interior 14312 The Composition of the Lower Mantle and CoreWilliam F. McDonough 14513 Metal-Silicate Partitioning of Siderophile Elements and Core-Mantle SegregationKevin Righter 16114 Mechanisms and Geochemical Models of Core FormationDavid C. Rubie and Seth A. Jacobson 18115 Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics of Core MaterialsAndrew J. Campbell  19116 Chemistry of Core-Mantle BoundaryJohn W. Hernlund  20117 Phase Transition and Melting in the Deep Lower MantleKei Hirose  20918 Chemistry of the Lower MantleDaniel J. Frost and Robert Myhill 22519 Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics of Lower Mantle MaterialsSusannah M. Dorfman  241Part V: Volatiles in Deep Interior 25320 Hydrogen in the Earth’s Core: Review of the Structural, Elastic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Iron-Hydrogen AlloysCaitlin A. Murphy 25521 Stability of Hydrous Minerals and Water Reservoirs in the Deep Earth InteriorEiji Ohtani, Yohei Amaike, Seiji Kamada, Itaru Ohira, and Izumi Mashino 26522 Carbon in the CoreBin Chen and Jie Li  277Index 289