Dahomey’s Royal Architecture examines the West African kingdom of Dahomey, located in present-day Republic of Benin. The book explores the Royal Palace of Dahomey’s relationship to the religious, cultural, and national identity of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Dahomey (c. 1625–1892), colonial Dahomey (1892–1960) and post-colonial Benin (1960–present).The Royal Palace of Dahomey covers more than 108 acres and was surrounded by a wall over two miles long. When the French colonial army arrived in Abomey in 1892, the ruling king set fire to the palace to keep it from falling into enemy hands. Though much of the palace structure was subsequently left to ruin, a portion of it was restored from which the French ruled for a short period. In 1945, the colonial administration transformed part of the palace into a museum, and in 1985 the entire palace was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage list. This book documents the palace’s physical transformations in relation to its changing purposes and explores how the space maintained religious significance despite change. The palace’s construction, destruction, and restorations demonstrate how architecture can be manipulated and transformed according to the agendas of governments or according to the religious and cultural needs of a populace. The palace functions as a historic record by discussing aspects of documentation, revision, language, and interpretation.Covering almost four centuries of Dahomey’s history, this book will be of interest to researchers and students of African art and architecture, religious studies, west African history, and post-colonial studies.
Lynne Ellsworth Larsen is an Assistant Professor of Art History at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA.
List of FiguresIntroductionThe Palace’s Plan, Fabric and FunctionChapter OutlinesMethodology and AcknowledgmentsChapter 1 - The Fish that Escaped the Net: The Establishment of DahomeyCoding Gender: HangbeInterpreting and Capitalizing on the Code: AgadjaConclusionChapter 2 - Like a Jar with Many Holes: The Palace in Pre-colonial DahomeyInstability in the Eighteenth CenturyThe Contributions of Tegbesu, Kpengla, and AgongloReshaping the palace and succession: AdandozanArchitecture of Power and Reception: The Palaces of Guezo and GleleConclusionChapter 3 - The Foot that Stumbled but did not Fall: The Palace under Colonial RuleFire and Restoration: Behanzin and Agoli-agbo ISetting up Government: Victor Ballot and the PalaceAgoli-agbo’s Exile and the Rise of the Chefs de CantonThe Formation of the Historic Museum of Abomey and l’Institut Français d’Afrique NoireInterpreting Dahomey through France’s Civilizing MissionThe Museum in its Colonial ContextChapter 4 - The Shark and the Egg: The Post-colonial PalaceModernization of MaterialsThe Palace’s Official Partnership with UNESCOCooperative Projects in the MuseumThe Museum as a Post-colonial EntityConclusionChapter 5 - Nothing can Force the Buffalo to take off his Tunic: Dahomey’s Palace in Contemporary AbomeyRoyal VodunReligious Purposes of the Pre-colonial Palace: Funerary Architecture and the Grand and Annual CustomsTohosu and NesuwheDadassiThe GandaxiConclusionChapter 6- ConclusionBibliographyIndex