Challenges the accepted wisdom about women and gender roles in medieval China.In Crossing the Gate, Man Xu examines the lives of women in the Chinese province of Fujian during the Song dynasty. Tracking women's life experience across class lines, outside as well as inside the domestic realm, Xu challenges the accepted wisdom about women and gender roles in medieval China. She contextualizes women in a much broader physical space and social network, investigating the gaps between ideals and reality and examining women's own agency in gender construction. She argues that women's autonomy and mobility, conventionally attributed to Ming-Qing women of late imperial China, can be traced to the Song era. This thorough study of Song women's life experience connects women to the great political, economic, and social transitions of the time, and sheds light on the so-called "Song-Yuan-Ming transition" from the perspective of gender studies. By putting women at the center of analysis and by focusing on the local and the quotidian, Crossing the Gate offers a new and nuanced picture of the Song Confucian revival.
Man Xu is Assistant Professor of History at Tufts University.
List of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Gates in and out of the Jia The House Gate (Men 門) and Lane Gate (Lü閭)The Middle Gate (Zhong Men 中門)Gate Titles for Mothers2. Women on JourneysVehiclesTracesConclusion3. Women in Local CommunitiesInner Affairs (Nei Shi 内事) and Outer Affairs (Wai Shi 外事)Women and Household EconomyWomen and Local WelfareWomen and Public Projects4. Women and Local GovernmentsWomen’s Participation in Local AdministrationWomen and Governmental StructuresWomen and LawsuitsWomen Under the Administration of Local GovernmentsGender Consideration in Local Governments’ Public ProjectsConclusion5. Women and ReligionLaywomen in Confucian EyesPersonal PracticesReligious Communication with Relatives and OutsidersReligious ExcursionsBuddhist Funeral6. Women and BurialTomb Structure: From Single Chamber to MultichamberJoint Burial: Partition Wall and PassagewayFrom Inner/Outer to Left/RightThe Problem of One Man, Many WivesFunerary Accessories from Seven Multichamber TombsThree Late Southern Song TombsMural TombsConclusionEpilogueAppendix: Bibliography of Excavation Reports of Song Tombs from FujianNotesBibliographyIndex
"Xu's provocative study breaks new ground on gender studies in imperial China … Highly recommended." — CHOICE