Contemporary Debates in Bioethics

Arthur L. Caplan is the Ors William F. and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor and Head of the Division of Bioethics at New York University Langone Medical Center in New York City. He is the author or editor of 30 books and more than 550 papers in refereed journals. His most recent books are Smart Mice Not So Smart People (2006) and the Penn Guide to Bioethics (2009).Robert Arp is co-editor of Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Biology (2009), author of Scenario Visualization: An Evolutionary Account of Creative Problem Solving (2008), and co-editor of Information and Living Systems: Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives (2011).

• Notes on Contributors x Acknowledgments xivGeneral Introduction 1References 8Part 1 Are There Universal Ethical Principles That Should Govern the Conduct of Medicine and Research Worldwide? 13Introduction 13References 151 There Are Universal Ethical Principles That Should Govern the Conduct of Medicine and Research Worldwide 17Daryl Pullman2 There Are No Universal Ethical Principles That Should Govern the Conduct of Medicine and Research Worldwide 27Kevin S. DeckerReply to Decker 36Reply to Pullman 39Part 2 Is It Morally Acceptable to Buy and Sell Organs for Human Transplantation? 43Introduction 43References 453 It Is Morally Acceptable to Buy and Sell Organs for Human Transplantation: Moral Puzzles and Policy Failures 47Mark J. Cherry4 It Is Not Morally Acceptable to Buy and Sell Organs for Human Transplantation: A Very Poor Solution to a Very Pressing Problem 59Arthur L. CaplanReply to Caplan 68Reply to Cherry 70Part 3 Were It Physically Safe, Would Human Reproductive Cloning Be Acceptable? 73Introduction 73References 765 Were It Physically Safe, Human Reproductive Cloning Would Be Acceptable 79Katrien Devolder6 Were It Physically Safe, Human Reproductive Cloning Would Not Be Acceptable 89Stephen E. LevickReply to Levick 98Reply to Devolder 101Part 4 Is the Deliberately Induced Abortion of a Human Pregnancy Ethically Justifiable? 105Introduction 105References 1097 The Deliberately Induced Abortion of a Human Pregnancy Is Ethically Justifiable 111Jeffrey Reiman8 The Deliberately Induced Abortion of a Human Pregnancy Is Not Ethically Justifiable 120Don MarquisReply to Marquis 129Reply to Reiman 132Part 5 Is It Ethical to Patent or Copyright Genes, Embryos, or Their Parts? 137Introduction 137References 1419 It Is Ethical to Patent or Copyright Genes, Embryos, or Their Parts 143Lawrence M. Sung10 It Is Not Ethical to Patent or Copyright Genes, Embryos, or Their Parts 152David KoepsellReply to Koepsell 162Reply to Sung 164Part 6 Should a Child Have the Right to Refuse Medical Treatment to Which the Child’s Parents or Guardians Have Consented? 167Introduction 167References 17111 The Child Should Have the Right to Refuse Medical Treatment to Which the Child’s Parents or Guardians Have Consented 173William J. Winslade12 The Child Should Not Have the Right to Refuse Medical Treatment to Which the Child’s Parents or Guardians Have Consented 181Catherine M. BrooksReply to Brooks 192Reply to Winslade 194Part 7 Is Physician-Assisted Suicide Ever Ethical? 197Introduction 197References 20113 Physician-Assisted Suicide Is Ethical 203John Lachs14 Physician-Assisted Suicide Is Not Ethical 213Patrick LeeReply to Lee 222Reply to Lachs 225Part 8 Should Stem-Cell Research Utilizing Embryonic Tissue Be Conducted? 229Introduction 229References 23315 Stem-Cell Research Utilizing Embryonic Tissue Should Be Conducted 237Jane Maienschein16 Stem-Cell Research Utilizing Embryonic Tissue Should Not Be Conducted 248Bertha Alvarez ManninenJoint Reply 259Part 9 Should We Prohibit the Use of Chimpanzees and Other Great Apes in Biomedical Research? 261Introduction 261References 26817 We Should Prohibit the Use of Chimpanzees and Other Great Apes in Biomedical Research 271Jean Kazez18 We Should Not Prohibit the Use of Chimpanzees and Other Great Apes in Biomedical Research 281Carl CohenReply to Cohen 291Reply to Kazez 294Part 10 Should the United States of America Adopt Universal Healthcare? 297Introduction 297References 30119 The United States of America Should Adopt Universal Healthcare 303John Geyman20 The United States of America Should Not Adopt Universal Healthcare: Let’s Try Freedom Instead 314Glen WhitmanReply to Whitman 327Reply to Geyman 331Part 11 Is There a Legitimate Place for Human Genetic Enhancement? 335Introduction 335References 33921 There Is a Legitimate Place for Human Genetic Enhancement 343Nicholas Agar22 There Is No Legitimate Place for Human Genetic Enhancement: The Slippery Slope to Genocide 353Edwin BlackReply to Black 363Reply to Agar 366Part 12 Can There Be Agreement as to What Constitutes Human Death? 369Introduction 369References 37423 There Can Be Agreement as to What Constitutes Human Death 377James L. Bernat24 There Cannot Be Agreement as to What Constitutes Human Death: Against Definitions, Necessary and Sufficient Conditions, and Determinate Boundaries 388Winston ChiongReply to Chiong 397Reply to Bernat 399Part 13 Is There Ever a Circumstance in Which a Doctor May Withhold Information? 401Introduction 401References 40725 There Are Circumstances in Which a Doctor May Withhold Information 409Tom L. Beauchamp26 There Are No Circumstances in Which a Doctor May Withhold Information 418Jason T. EberlReply to Eberl 428Reply to Beauchamp 431Part 14 Should In Vitro Fertilization Be an Option for a Woman? 435Introduction 435References 43927 In Vitro Fertilization Should Be an Option for a Woman 441Laura Purdy28 In Vitro Fertilization Should Not Be an Option for a Woman 451Christopher TollefsenReply to Tollefsen 460Reply to Purdy 462Part 15 Are International Clinical Trials Exploitative? 465Introduction 465References 47029 Clinical Trials Are Inherently Exploitative: The Likelihood That They Are Is High 473Jamie Carlin Watson30 International Clinical Trials Are Not Inherently Exploitative 485Richard J. ArnesonReply to Arneson 495Reply to Watson 498Index 501

“Summing Up: Recommended.  Lower-division undergraduates through graduate students.”  (Choice, 1 July 2014)