Construction Graphics

Keith Bisharat is an emeritus professor in the Department of Construction Management, California State University, Sacramento, CA.

• Preface to the Third Edition ixPreface to the Second Edition xiChapter 1 Construction Graphics: An Overview 1Introduction 2Graphics and Builders 2Challenges Facing the Design Professional: Telling a Complicated Story 2Dialects and the Standardization of Drawings 4Participants in the Design Process: Owners, Design Professionals, and Contractors 5Varying Professional Viewpoints: Legal Responsibilities, Education, Training, and the Consequences of Diversity 7Summary 9Chapter 2 The Construction Business Environment 11The Construction Industry 12Evolution of a Building Construction Project 14What Contractors Do 20Summary 22Chapter 3 The Design Professional’s Work Product 23The Project Manual 24Construction Drawings: Organization and Content 24The International System of Units 28Jurisdictional Confusion: Drawing Interdependence 30Residential and Commercial Building Construction Drawings: A Comparison 31Summary 34Chapter 4 Construction Drawings 35Scale, Scales, and Scaled Drawings 36Determining Dimensions without a Scale 38Projection Types 38Views: Plans, Elevations, and Sections 40Pictorial Drawings 42Dimensioning: How Big Is It? Where Does It Go? 47Lettering, Notes, and Leaders 48Lines 49Symbols 50Schedules 51What Constitutes Good Graphics? 53Interpreting Working Drawings 56Summary 60Chapter 5 Sketching 61Introduction 62Drawing Instruments and Media 62Manner and Style of the Presentation 62Other Useful Geometric Construction Techniques 67Formatting and Composing Properly Proportioned Sketches 72Summary 72Chapter 6 Site Construction 75Site Construction: Preparation and Improvements 76What to Expect in the Drawings 76Graphic Expression in Site Construction Drawings 79Translating the Drawings into Work 86Summary 100Chapter 7 Foundation Systems 101Purpose of Foundations 102What to Expect in the Drawings 102Graphic Expression in Foundation Drawings 102Translating the Drawings into Work 107Summary 118Chapter 8 Framing Systems 119Purpose of Framing Systems 120What to Expect in the Drawings 121Common Graphic Conventions 121Framing System Drawings: Subject Matter and Orientation 127Translating the Drawings into Work 128Design Decisions Affecting the Construction Process 160Summary 164Chapter 9 Cladding, Glazing, and Exterior Doors 167Purpose of Cladding, Glazing, and Exterior Doors 168What to Expect in the Drawings 169Common Graphic Conventions in Cladding, Glazing, and Exterior Doors 170Translating the Drawings into Work 180Summary 193Chapter 10 Roof Systems 195Purpose of Roof Systems 196What to Expect in the Drawings 196Common Graphic Conventions in Roof Structures and Coverings 197Correlating the Drawings with Work Concerns 215Summary 218Chapter 11 Interior Construction 219Purpose of Interior Construction 220What to Expect in the Drawings 220Schedules 220Common Graphic Conventions in Interior Construction 220The Takeoff 258Summary 258Chapter 12 Mechanical Systems 265Purpose of Mechanical Systems 266What to Expect in the Drawings 266Deciphering the Drawings 270Plumbing Systems 272Common Graphic Conventions in Mechanical Systems 281The Takeoff 304Summary 305Chapter 13 Electrical Systems 307Purpose 308Elements of Electrical Systems 308What to Expect in the Drawings 309Common Graphic Conventions in Electrical Drawings 309Translating the Drawings into Work 328Summary 334Chapter 14 Fabrication Drawings 335Problems Inherent in the Design and Construction Processes 336Submittals Defined 336Submittal Process 337Shop Drawing Production 338What to Expect in the Drawings 339Summary 355Chapter 15 Project Analysis and Application of Costing Principles 357Introduction 358What Am I Being Asked to Do? 358Responsibilities of the Design Professionals 358Exploring the Problem 358What to Expect in the Work 359Work Analysis 365Discussion 368Organization of the Work 368Quantity Survey 371Appendix A Estimating and the Takeoff—A Brief Overview 379Appendix B Answers to the Exercises 381Appendix C Residential Construction Drawings 387Appendix D Drawing Review: A Journey through Commercial Building Construction Drawings 423Appendix E Welding in Construction 449Appendix F MasterFormat™ 2004 Division Numbers and Titles 465Appendix G Executing a Site Section 469Appendix H Trends in Design and Construction 475Glossary 481Selected References 489Index 493