Concise Textbook of Physiology for Dental Students
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
339 kr
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This thoroughly revised, up-to-date text addresses the fundamental principles of physiology in a format that would be particularly useful for the undergraduate dental students. Due to its simple and concise presentation, it would also be useful to other allied health professionals. The book would help students prepare for their examinations apart from understanding the physiological basis of diseases.Two additional chapters on Large Intestine and Digestion and Absorption includedAll chapters thoroughly revised and updatedNumerous new illustrations and flowcharts added for clear understanding of the physiological conceptsText boxes included to highlight important topicsLearning objectives, chapter summary, and review questions have been included in every chapter for the benefit of studentsUpdated special write-up on Understanding Medical Terminology included to facilitate easy grasp of common medical terms
Produktinformation
- Utgivningsdatum2010-08-10
- FormatHäftad
- SpråkEngelska
- Upplaga2
- FörlagElsevier India
- ISBN9788131225318
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- SECTION I GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 11. Cell: A Structural and Functional Unit 3Introduction 4The Principal Organ Systems 4Homeostasis 5Structure and Function of a Cell 62. Transport across CellMembrane 22Passive Transport 23Osmoles, Osmolarity and Osmolality 27Tonicity 28Active Transport (Uphill Transport) 28Vesicular Transport 31Epithelial Transport 333. Body Water and Body Fluids 36Total Body Water 36Body Fluid Compartments 37Composition of Extra- and IntracellularFluids 38Measuring the Fluid Volumes in theDifferent Body Fluid Compartments 39Measures of Concentration 39Acid, Base and pH 40Acidosis and Alkalosis 41Buffers 414. Membrane Potentials 43Ion Channels 43Types of Gates 44Diffusion Potential 44Equilibrium Potential 44Resting Membrane Potential 45Genesis of Resting Membrane Potential(Transmembrane Potential) 46Measurement of Resting MembranePotential 46SECTION II PHYSIOLOGYOF NERVE ANDMUSCLE 495. Nerve Physiology 51Structure of a Neuron 52Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axon 53Types of Neuron 54Ionic Basis of Action Potential 58Properties of Action Potential 59Conductivity (Propagation of ActionPotential) 606. Muscle Physiology 64Types of Muscle 65General Function of Muscles 65Skeletal Muscles 65Myofi laments 67Other Structural Proteins 68Molecular Basis of MuscularContraction of Skeletal Muscle 69Excitation Contraction Coupling 69Sequence of Events in MuscularContraction 71Energy for Muscular Contraction 71Isometric, Isotonic and EccentricContraction 72Classifi cation of Skeletal MuscleFibre Type 73Electrical Activity of Skeletal Muscle 74Effect of Repeated Stimulus to Muscle 74Heat Production in Muscles 75The Oxygen Debt 75Motor Unit 75Muscle Fatigue 76Rigor Mortis 76Cardiac Muscle 76Properties of Cardiac Muscle 77Mechanical Properties 77Smooth Muscle 787. Neuromuscular Junction 83Structure of Neuromuscular Junction 83Mechanism of Transmission of NerveImpulse Across NeuromuscularJunction 84Degradation of Acetylcholine 86SECTION III BLOOD 898. Blood and Plasma Proteins 91Plasma and Serum 91Composition of Blood 92Diseases and Plasma Proteins 949. Haemopoiesis and Red BloodCorpuscle (RBC) 96Haemopoiesis 96Erythrocytes (RBC) 9910. Haemoglobin and Anaemia 102Haemoglobin 102Anaemias 10711. White Blood Corpuscles 112Granulocytes 112Different White Blood Cells 112Agranulocytes 11412. Thrombocytes 118Platelets 118Haemostasis 119Purpura 12113. Blood Coagulation andBleeding Disorders 122Mechanism of Blood Clotting 122Deep Vein Thrombosis 124Haemostatic Function Tests 125Fibrinolysis 125Acquired and Inherited ClottingDisorders 125Prevention of Intravascular Clotting 126Anticoagulants In Vivo and In Vitro 12614. Blood Groups andTransfusion 128Blood Groups 128Transfusion of Blood 13015. Lymphatic and ImmuneSystem 133The Lymphatic System 133Tissue Macrophage System 134Immunity 135Immunoglobulins 139Mechanism of Action of Antibodies 139SECTION IV CARDIOVASCULARSYSTEM 14316. Structure of the Heart andConducting System 145Atria and Ventricle 145Valves in the Heart 146Conducting System of Heart 148Pacemaker Potential 149Innervation of the Heart andPeripheral Vessels 14917. Electrocardiogram 152Normal ECG 15218. Cardiac Cycle 158Cardiac Cycle 158Heart Sounds 16219. Cardiac Output 164Cardiac Output 164Regulation of Cardiac Output 16520. General Principlesof Circulation 170Introduction 170Functions of Different Componentsof Vessels 172Structure of Vessels 172Cross-sectional Area of DifferentVessels 174Pressure Changes in Vascular System 174Haemodynamics 17521. Cardiovascular RegulatoryMechanisms 178Local Regulatory Mechanisms 178Systemic Regulatory Mechanisms 179Systemic Regulation by NervousSystem 180Atrial Stretch Receptors 18122. Arterial Blood Pressure 184Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure 18423. Circulation throughSpecial Regions 192Coronary Circulation 192Factors that Affect CoronaryBlood Flow 193Cerebral Blood Flow 194Cutaneous Circulation 19424. Physiology of Shock 196Types of Shocks 196Common Symptoms of Shock 196SECTION V RESPIRATORYSYSTEM 19925. Organization of RespiratorySystem 201Tracheobronchial Tree 202Respiratory Membrane 202Pleura 203Non-Respiratory Functions of Lung 20326. Mechanics of Respiration 205Inspiration 205Expiration 206Pressure Changes duringVentilation 206Lung Volume and Capacities 207Pulmonary Ventilation 208Maximum Breathing Capacity(Maximum Voluntary Ventilation,Maximum Ventilation Volume) 208Pulmonary Reserve 208Alveolar Surface Tension 208Compliance 209Work of Breathing 209Airway Resistance 210Alveolar Ventilation 210Dead Space 210Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio 210Diffusion Capacity 21127. Transport of Gases 213Partial Pressure of Gases 213Oxygen Transport 214Transport of Carbon Dioxide 21628. Regulation of Respiration 218Nervous Regulatory Mechanism 218Chemical Controlling Mechanismsof Respiration 2208929. Hypoxia and DeepSea Diving 223Classifi cation of Hypoxia 223Effects of Hypoxia 224Effects of Decreased BarometricPressure 224Cyanosis 225Decompression Sickness 225Cardiovascular and RespiratoryAdjustments during Exercise 225SECTION VI DIGESTIVESYSTEM 22730. Organization and Functionsof Gastrointestinal System 229Gastrointestinal System 22931. Deglutition and SalivarySecretion 236Mouth 236Teeth 236Swallowing 238Salivary Glands 23932. Stomach 244Gastric Mucosa and Glands 244Gastric Secretion and Its Functions 24533. Pancreas 251Composition and Functionsof Pancreatic Juice 251Mechanism of Formation ofBicarbonate by Pancreas 253Pancreatic Enzymes 253Pancreatic Function Tests 25534. Liver and Biliary Secretion 256Liver 256Biliary Secretion 25835. Small Intestine 262Structure 262Intestinal Secretions 263Movements of Small Intestine 26436. Large Intestine 268Secretions in Large Intestine 269Movements of Colon 269Functions of Large Intestine 270Defaecation 27037. Digestion and Absorption 272Digestion and Absorptionof Carbohydrates 272Digestion and Absorptionof Proteins 273Digestion and Absorption of Fats 276Absorption of Water 277SECTION VII FORMATION ANDEXCRETION OFURINE 28338. Structure and Functionsof Kidney 285Types of Nephron 286Renal Blood Flow 288Functions of Kidney 28939. Mechanism of UrineFormation 291Glomerular Filtration 292Reabsorption and Secretionsin Renal Tubules 295Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) 295Loop of Henle 298Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) 299Collecting Ducts 30040. The Countercurrent System 302Countercurrent System 302Countercurrent Multiplier System 303Maintenance of Medullary Gradient 30441. Renal Regulation ofAcid-Base Balance 306Regulation of Acid-Base Balanceby Renal System 307Acid-Base Disorders 30942. Micturition 310Innervation of Urinary Bladder 310Micturition Refl ex 31143. Basal Metabolic Rateand Body TemperatureRegulation 313Measurement of BMR 313Regulation of Body Temperature 314Thermoregulation 316SECTION VIII ENDOCRINESYSTEM 31944. Endocrine Glands 321Endocrine System 321Endocrine Glands and Hormones 321Relationship between Hypothalamusand Pituitary Gland 323Regulation of Hormonal Secretion 32445. Pituitary Gland 327Adenohypophysis 328Anterior Pituitary Gland 329Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis) 33346. Thyroid Gland 339Functional Unit of Thyroid Gland 339Mechanism of Synthesis of ThyroidHormone 340Transport of Thyroid Hormones 342Actions of Thyroid Hormones 343Regulation of Thyroid Secretions 344Pathophysiology of Thyroid Gland 344Thyroid Function Tests 34647. Adrenal Gland 349Adrenal Cortex 349Adrenal Medulla 356Catecholamines Receptors 35748. Endocrine Pancreas 362Islet Cells 362Insulin Structure 363Biosynthesis of Insulin 363Circulation and Degradation of Insulin 364Mechanism of Action of Insulin 364Physiological Actions of Insulin 365Control of Insulin Secretion 368Applied Physiology 369Glucagon 372Somatostatin 374Pancreatic Polypeptide 37549. Parathyroid, Calcitoninand Vitamin D 378Calcium 378Hormonal Regulation of CalciumMetabolism 382Pathophysiology of Parathyroid Hormone,Vitamin D and Bone Diseases 385Vitamin D Defi ciency 38650. Thymus and Pineal Glands 390Thymus 390Pineal Gland 391SECTION IX REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM 39351. Sex Determination,Differentiation and Onsetof Puberty 395Sex Determination 396Chromosomal Abnormalities 396Development of Gonads 396Puberty (Adolescence) 39852. Male ReproductivePhysiology 400Male Reproductive Organs 400Structure of Testes 400Spermatogenesis 401Mature Sperm 402Sertoli Cells 403Semen 403Erection and Ejaculation 403Endocrine Functions of Testes 404Pathophysiology of Testes 405153. Female ReproductivePhysiology 407Female Reproductive System 407Structure of Ovary 408Secretion of Hormones 410Ovarian Cycle 412Vaginal Cycle 412Uterine or Menstrual Cycle 41254. Pregnancy, Parturition,Lactation andContraception 417Pregnancy 417Parturition 419Process of Lactation 420Contraception 421SECTION X NERVOUSSYSTEM 42555. Organization of NervousSystem 427Central Nervous System 427Peripheral Nervous System 42956. Synapse 434Classifi cation of Synapses 434Electrical Synapse 434Chemical Synapse 43557. Receptors 441Sensory Receptors 441Modalities of Cutaneous Sensations 442Generator Potentials 443Encoding of Sensory Information 44558. Refl exes 447Refl ex Action Pathway 447Classifi cation of Refl exes 447Monosynaptic Refl ex 448Polysynaptic Refl ex 452Properties of Refl exes 453Muscle Tone 45459. Sensory System 456Sensory Tracts in the Spinal Cord 456Pathway for Fine Touch, TactileLocalization, Discrimination, Proprioceptiveand Kinaesthetic Sensation, Vibrationand Deep Pressure 457Pathway for Pain and TemperatureSensations 458Pathway for Pain, Temperature,Proprioception and Vibration fromHead Area 459Pathway for Crude Touch and TactileLocalization 460Pathway for Unconscious KinaestheticSensations 460Somatosensory Cortex 460Types of Sensations 46260. Motor System 466Motor Cortex 466Extrapyramidal System 470Pathophysiology of Lesions in Pyramidaland Extrapyramidal Tracts 47161. Cerebellum, Basal Gangliaand Reticular Formation 475Cerebellum 475Basal Ganglia 479Reticular Formation 48062. Thalamus and Hypothalamus 483Thalamus 483Hypothalamus 48563. Cerebrum and LimbicSystem 489Cerebrum 489Limbic System 493Emotions 49464. Vestibular Apparatusand Control of Posture 496Vestibular Apparatus 496Posture 49865. Autonomic Nervous System 501Division of ANS 502Innervation of Organ Systems, ReceptorTypes and Responses 506Neurotransmitters 50866. Higher Functions ofNervous System 510Learning and Memory 510Speech 51267. Cerebrospinal Fluid andBlood-Brain Barrier 514Cerebrospinal Fluid 514Blood-Brain Barrier 516SECTION XI SPECIAL SENSES 51968. Eye 521The Organization of the Retina 523Photoreceptor Cells 524Visual Pathway 525Lesions in Optic Tract 525Refractive Media and their RefractiveIndices 526Mechanisms of Generation ofPhotoreceptor Potential 526Accommodation 527Light Refl ex 528The Visual Field 528Visual Acuity 528Errors of Refraction 529Colour Vision 52969. Ear 533Introduction 533Sound 533Frequency 534Anatomy and Physiology of External,Middle and Internal Ear 534The Cochlea 538The Organ of Corti (Receptorof Hearing) 538Mechanism of Hearing 539Auditory Pathway 540Applied Physiology 543Audiometry 54470. Taste and Smell 546Taste 546Smell 549Appendix I Understanding MedicalTerminology 553Appendix II Units of Measure, Weightand Symbols 555Appendix III Abbreviations Usedin the Book 557Index 559