Concentrating Solar Thermal Energy

Fundamentals and Applications

Inbunden, Engelska, 2022

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The Sun, our star, has inspired the research of many scientists and engineers and brings hope to many of us for a paradigm shift in energy. Indeed, the applications of solar energy are manifold, primarily because it concerns both light and heat. Photovoltaic (PV) conversion is the most well-known among these, but other modes of conversion include photochemical, photobiological, photoelectrochemical, thermal and thermochemical.This book covers the entire chain of conversion from the Sun to the targeted energy vector (heat, electricity, gaseous or liquid fuels). Beginning with the state of the art, subsequent chapters address solar resources, concentration and capture technologies, the science of flows and transfers in solar receivers, materials with controlled optical properties, thermal storage, hybrid systems (PV-thermal) and synthetic fuels (hydrogen and synthetic gas).Written by a number of experts in the field, Concentrating Solar Thermal Energy provides an insightful overview of the current landscape of the knowledge regarding the most recent applications of concentrating technologies.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2022-10-25
Mått161 x 240 x 23 mm
Vikt767 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor352
FörlagISTE Ltd
ISBN9781789450798

Tillhör följande kategorier

Energiteknik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Introduction xiGilles FLAMANTChapter 1. Solar Power Plants: State of the Art 1Gilles FLAMANT1.1. Introduction 11.2. History 31.3. Various configurations of solar power plants 71.4. Paradigm of solar power plants, optimum temperature – concentration factor 101.5. Parabolic trough solar power plants 141.6. Solar power plants with linear Fresnel concentrators 201.7. Tower power plants 231.8. Dish–Stirling modules 291.9. Perspectives: deployment, capacity factor, costs, environmental impact and new concepts 311.9.1. Commercial deployment 311.9.2. Capacity factor 331.9.3. Cost of electricity 341.9.4. Environmental impact 371.9.5. Technological evolutions and new generations (GEN3) 371.10. Conclusion 401.11. References 40Chapter 2. Solar Resource Management, Assessment and Forecasting 45Stéphane THIL and Stéphane GRIEU2.1. Measurement and assessment of the solar resource 452.1.1. Earth–Sun pair 452.1.2. Extra-terrestrial solar irradiance 502.1.3. Solar irradiance interaction with the atmosphere 512.1.4. Components of solar irradiance and associated instruments 572.2. Forecasting of direct normal irradiance 662.2.1. Definitions and needs of an operator of CSP plant 672.2.2. The main DNI forecasting techniques 682.2.3. Intra-hour DNI forecasting models 712.3. Conclusion 772.4. Nomenclature 782.5. References 79Chapter 3. Optics of Concentrating Systems 85François HÉNAULT, Benjamin GRANGE and Quentin FALCOZ3.1. Introduction 853.2. History 863.2.1. From Archimedes to 19th century 863.2.2. 1950–1980: First industrial installations 883.3. Performances and limitations 903.3.1. Specification of a solar concentrator 903.3.2. Collected power 923.3.3. Three definitions of concentration 933.3.4. Maximal concentration – Stefan’s law 973.3.5. Solar concentrator-specific errors 993.3.6. Concentration losses and the “golden rule” of solar concentration 1073.4. Optical qualification of parabolic trough concentrators 1103.4.1. Definitions 1103.4.2. Methodology 1113.4.3. Example 1133.5. The heliostat fields of tower power plants 1143.5.1. Description 1143.5.2. Optical losses 1153.5.4. Simulations of heliostat fields 1193.6. Conclusion 1213.7. References 122Chapter 4. Solar Receivers 125Benjamin GRANGE4.1. Introduction 1254.2. Absorber tubes for linear concentrators 1254.2.1. Description 1254.2.2. Thermal losses 1274.3. Solar receivers for tower power plants 1284.3.1. Description 1284.3.2. Receivers in the commercial tower power plants 1294.3.3. Emerging designs 1334.3.4. Thermal losses 1394.3.5. Thermal model of solar receivers 1434.4. Conclusion 1474.5. References 148Chapter 5. Heat Transfer Fluids for Solar Power Plants 151Gilles FLAMANT5.1. Introduction 1515.2. Review of thermal transfer physics 1525.3. Fluids, stability and properties 1545.3.1. Thermal stability of heat transfer fluids 1545.3.2. Physical properties of heat transfer fluids 1565.4. Fluid–wall heat transfer coefficients 1595.4.1. Flow conditions 1595.4.2. Correlations 1595.4.3. Heat transfer coefficients 1605.5. Solutions being developed 1645.5.1. Reduction of the melting temperature of salts 1645.5.2. Increase of the maximum working temperature 1655.6. Conclusion 1665.7. References 166Chapter 6. Numerical Simulations of Flows and Heat Transfers of Solar Receivers 169Françoise BATAILLE, Adrien TOUTANT and Dorian DUPUY6.1. Introduction 1696.2. Modeling approaches 1726.2.1. Direct numerical simulation 1736.2.2. Thermal large-eddy simulation 1746.2.3. RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations) 1756.2.4. Correlations 1766.3. Direct numerical simulation and thermal large-eddy simulation 1776.3.1. Geometry 1776.3.2. Direct numerical simulation equations 1786.3.3. DNS results 1796.3.4. Equations of the thermal large-eddy simulation 1806.3.5. LES results 1826.4. Dynamic and thermal couplings – physical approach 1856.4.1. Analysis of integral quantities 1866.4.2. Analysis in the spatial domain 1876.4.3. Analysis in the spectral domain 1926.5. Conclusion 1966.6. References 197Chapter 7. Materials for Concentrated Solar Power 199Audrey SOUM-GLAUDE and Antoine GROSJEAN7.1. Introduction 1997.2. Optical properties of materials 2007.2.1. Spectral properties 2007.2.2. Solar performance 2017.3. Reflective components: solar mirrors 2027.3.1. Optical performance indicator: solar reflectance 2027.3.2. Materials and structures of solar mirrors 2037.3.3. Aging and durability of solar mirrors 2067.4. Transparent components: protective glass 2077.4.1. Optical performance indicator: solar transmittance 2077.4.2. Materials and structures of protective glass 2087.4.3. Aging and durability of antireflective glasses 2127.5. Absorbing components: solar absorbers 2127.5.1. Optical performance indicators for solar absorbers 2127.5.2. Materials and structures of solar absorbers 2187.5.3. Aging and durability of solar absorbers 2227.6. Conclusion 2247.7. References 224Chapter 8. Thermal Energy Storage 229Aubin TOUZO, Quentin FALCOZ and Gilles FLAMANT8.1. Introduction 2298.1.1. Advantages related to thermal energy storage 2298.1.2. An overview of thermal energy storage 2308.1.3. Integration of storage in the solar power plant dimensioning 2318.2. Two-tank molten salt storage 2328.2.1. Examples of existing power plants 2328.2.2. Operating principle 2338.2.3. Materials employed 2348.2.4. Economic advantage 2348.2.5. Drawbacks of molten salt storage systems 2358.3. Thermocline storage 2358.3.1. Examples of solar power plants with thermocline storage 2368.3.2. Operating principle 2388.3.3. Modeling 2398.3.4. Integration challenges in a solar power plant 2408.3.5. Storage materials 2428.3.6. Life cycle analysis 2458.3.7. Economic considerations 2458.4. Processes with steam accumulator 2458.4.1. Existing power plants 2458.4.2. Operating principle 2478.4.3. Drawbacks 2488.5. Solar power plant with particle receiver 2498.6. Research and development of latent heat processes 2508.6.1. PCM exchanger 2508.6.2. PCM encapsulation 2518.6.3. Principle 2518.6.4. Drawbacks of phase change materials 2528.7. Thermochemical storage 2538.8. Comparison of the cost of stored solar power 2538.9. Conclusion 2568.10. References 256Chapter 9. Hybrid PV–CSP Systems 259Alexis VOSSIER and Joya ZEITOUNY9.1. Introduction 2599.2. Hybrid strategies 2619.3. Non-compact hybrid strategies 2629.4. Compact hybrid strategies 2639.4.1. High-temperature approach 2649.4.2. Spectral splitting 2709.4.3. Performance-based comparison of the main hybrid strategies 2739.4.4. Hybrid PV-TS systems 2749.5. Innovative hybrid systems 2769.5.1. Mixed hybrid systems 2769.5.2. Luminescent solar converters 2789.5.3. Very high temperature thermal energy storage coupled with photovoltaic conversion 2799.6. Conclusion 2819.7. References 281Chapter 10. Synthetic Fuels from Hydrocarbon Resources 283Sylvain RODAT and Stéphane ABANADES10.1. Introduction to solar fuels 28310.2. Conversion of carbonaceous materials using solar energy 28510.2.1. Solar cracking and reforming of hydrocarbons 28510.2.2. Solar pyrolysis and gasification of solid carbonaceous materials 29410.3. Conclusion and perspectives 29910.4. References 300Chapter 11. Solar Fuel Production by Thermochemical Dissociation of Water and Carbon Dioxide 303Stéphane ABANADES and Sylvain RODAT11.1. Introduction 30311.2. Direct H2O and CO2 thermolysis 30411.3. Thermochemical cycles 30611.3.1. Principle 30611.3.2. Cycles with volatile oxides 30811.3.3. Non-volatile oxide cycles 31211.3.4. Non-stoichiometric oxide cycles 31311.3.5. Solar reactor concepts for cycle implementation 31611.4. Conclusion 32211.5. References 323List of Authors 329Index 331