Complexities 1

Jean-Pierre Briffaut is Honorary Director of Studies at the Institut Mines-Télécom, France. A member of the Institut Fredrik Bull, he is in charge of a working group on the complexity of systems of systems.

• Foreword: Sharing Complexity: An Acclaim for Complex Thinking ixPhilippe KourilskyPreface xiiiJean-Pierre BriffautChapter 1 The Complexity of Cybersecurity 1Thierry Berthier and Thomas Anglade1.1 Formal approach to the complexity of cybersecurity 11.1.1 Cybersecurity and theoretical computing 11.1.2 Malware and computer virology 71.1.3 Cyber-risk 171.1.4 Cognitive attacks and immersive fictitious data architectures 231.2 Cybersecurity in real life: Advanced persistent threats, computer networks, defense teams and complex log data 271.2.1 What is an APT? 271.2.2 What is the network that companies need to protect? Who protects it? Why are “Situational Crime Prevention” (SCP) systems complex systems? 301.2.3 What kind of anomalies need to be raised in order to detect a multi-stage APT attack? 361.3 User and entity behavior analysis as a way of reducing complexity 391.3.1 Presentation of the method 391.3.2 Data used and details of the method 421.3.3 Visual results and interpretation 441.4 Conclusion and future work 471.5 References 48Chapter 2 Complexity and Biology: When Historical Perspectives Intersect with Epistemological Analyses 51Céline Cherici2.1 Complexity throughout the history of thoughs on living 532.1.1 The roots of thinking on complexity 532.1.2 From machinules to cells: An ordered complexity? 552.1.3 The organism: An autonomous complexity 572.1.4 The emergence of complexity between comparative anatomy and embryology 592.2 The living: Between potentialities and actualizations 642.2.1 Teratology to better understand the links between actualization and potentiality in the living 642.2.2 Time, a key concept for understanding the interactions between the possible and the actualized 702.3 Reductionist biotechnologies? 732.3.1 From physics to biotechnology 742.3.2 When the living extend beyond the experimental framework 782.4 References 82Chapter 3 Two Complexities: Information and Structure Content 87Jean-Paul Delahaye3.1 The simple, the random and the structured: A triangle of concepts key to a complete understanding 873.2 Calculation, the key to the solution 883.3 Thought experiment 893.4 Mathematical definition 903.5 Random complexity and structural complexity 913.6 Recent progress 923.7 Less undecidability 933.8 Experimentation 943.9 Appendices 953.9.1 Complexification 953.9.2 Random and structural complexity 963.9.3 Incalculable but approximate 973.9.4 The law of slow growth 983.9.5 Experimental evaluation of K(s) and P(s) 983.10 References 99Chapter 4 Leveraging Complexity in Oncology – A Data Narrative 101Xosé M. Fernández4.1 Large collaborative research initiatives – the Human Genome Project 1044.2 Human cell atlas – unraveling complexity 1054.3 From bench to bedside 1074.4 The battle with cancer 1094.5 Health economics – cost is another matter 1124.6 From molecules to medicine 1154.7 Artificial intelligence 1174.8 The fourth paradigm 1204.9 Modeling the complexity of cancer 1214.10 References 124Chapter 5 Complexity or Complexities of Information: The Dimensions of Complexity 129Jacques Printz5.1 Introduction 1295.2 A brief historical overview 1305.3 The phenomenology of complexity in systems engineering 1315.3.1 Measuring the complexity of an assembly through the integration process and tests 1345.4 The four dimensions of complexity 1385.5 The term “simplexity”: A remark on Richard Feynman’s Nobel lecture 1425.6 Computational volume: Remarks on the first quantification of complexity 1445.6.1 Quantifying interactions and functional dependencies 1455.7 References 151List of Authors 153Index 155