Peter John Brownlee is Curator at the Terra Foundation for American Art.

• Introduction. An Ocular Age: Vision in a World of SurfacesPART I. THE PROBLEM OF VISIONChapter 1. Ophthalmology, Popular Physiology, and the Market Revolution in VisionChapter 2. Vision, Eyewear, and the Art of RefractionPART II. THE CHAOS OF PRINTChapter 3. Broadsides, Display Types, and the Physiology of the Moving EyeChapter 4. Signboards, Vision, and Commerce in the Antebellum CityPART III. PAINTING, PRINT, PERCEPTIONChapter 5. The Optics of Newspaper VisionChapter 6. Paper Money, Spectral Illusions, and the Limits of VisionNotesIndexAcknowledgments

"[Brownlee's] ostensible quarry is an antebellum visual culture that developed around the intersecting concerns of ophthalmology and optometry, reform physiology, and a rapidly expanding market economy, but he sees vision as more than the mere sum of its parts. Brownlee's analysis reaches beyond the usual metaphors of nineteenth-century vision as possessing, knowing, or controlling, analyzing the 'economy of the eyes' as a shifting field that is at once physiological, commercial, political, and cultural, and almost always attended by doubt and ambiguity...The Commerce of Vision matches the undeniable richness and complexity of antebellum America's ocularity with deft, close readings that will bear repeated examination." (Panorama) "Brownlee has identified an important and rich topic, one that opens up other avenues for scholars to explore. In addition, his interdisciplinary approach provides an excellent model of how to bridge cultural and scientific history and understand vision at both a conceptual and physiological level. The Commerce of Vision is at once a major contribution to the history of visual culture in antebellum America and a call for continued work on this history, especially given its continuing relevance to our own digitally saturated world." (Literature & History) "[A]n elegantly written and extremely interesting study of a range of visual artefacts, including newspapers, paintings, photographs, caricatures, eye glasses, paper money and signboards, among others. Brownlee effectively weaves together a number of thematic threads to create a cohesive investigation of how people in antebellum America looked, learned to look differently and dealt with failures related to vision, both physiological and ideological." (Social History of Medicine) "The Commerce of Vision is an original, rich, and engaging study of an antebellum culture intrigued by questions of seeing and visual representation yet unsettled by the energies of rapidly expanding urban and market economies. Ranging over visual, material, and archival evidence-from paintings and daguerreotypes to broadsides, typeface, and newspapers, from ophthalmology and eyeglasses to paper currency and signboards-it will interest readers in visual and material culture studies, American studies, and the history of science." (Wendy Bellion, University of Delaware)

Peter John Brownlee is Curator at the Terra Foundation for American Art.

• Introduction. An Ocular Age: Vision in a World of SurfacesPART I. THE PROBLEM OF VISIONChapter 1. Ophthalmology, Popular Physiology, and the Market Revolution in VisionChapter 2. Vision, Eyewear, and the Art of RefractionPART II. THE CHAOS OF PRINTChapter 3. Broadsides, Display Types, and the Physiology of the Moving EyeChapter 4. Signboards, Vision, and Commerce in the Antebellum CityPART III. PAINTING, PRINT, PERCEPTIONChapter 5. The Optics of Newspaper VisionChapter 6. Paper Money, Spectral Illusions, and the Limits of VisionNotesIndexAcknowledgments

"[Brownlee's] ostensible quarry is an antebellum visual culture that developed around the intersecting concerns of ophthalmology and optometry, reform physiology, and a rapidly expanding market economy, but he sees vision as more than the mere sum of its parts. Brownlee's analysis reaches beyond the usual metaphors of nineteenth-century vision as possessing, knowing, or controlling, analyzing the 'economy of the eyes' as a shifting field that is at once physiological, commercial, political, and cultural, and almost always attended by doubt and ambiguity...The Commerce of Vision matches the undeniable richness and complexity of antebellum America's ocularity with deft, close readings that will bear repeated examination." (Panorama) "Brownlee has identified an important and rich topic, one that opens up other avenues for scholars to explore. In addition, his interdisciplinary approach provides an excellent model of how to bridge cultural and scientific history and understand vision at both a conceptual and physiological level. The Commerce of Vision is at once a major contribution to the history of visual culture in antebellum America and a call for continued work on this history, especially given its continuing relevance to our own digitally saturated world." (Literature & History) "[A]n elegantly written and extremely interesting study of a range of visual artefacts, including newspapers, paintings, photographs, caricatures, eye glasses, paper money and signboards, among others. Brownlee effectively weaves together a number of thematic threads to create a cohesive investigation of how people in antebellum America looked, learned to look differently and dealt with failures related to vision, both physiological and ideological." (Social History of Medicine) "The Commerce of Vision is an original, rich, and engaging study of an antebellum culture intrigued by questions of seeing and visual representation yet unsettled by the energies of rapidly expanding urban and market economies. Ranging over visual, material, and archival evidence-from paintings and daguerreotypes to broadsides, typeface, and newspapers, from ophthalmology and eyeglasses to paper currency and signboards-it will interest readers in visual and material culture studies, American studies, and the history of science." (Wendy Bellion, University of Delaware)

Peter John Brownlee is Curator at the Terra Foundation for American Art.

• Introduction. An Ocular Age: Vision in a World of SurfacesPART I. THE PROBLEM OF VISIONChapter 1. Ophthalmology, Popular Physiology, and the Market Revolution in VisionChapter 2. Vision, Eyewear, and the Art of RefractionPART II. THE CHAOS OF PRINTChapter 3. Broadsides, Display Types, and the Physiology of the Moving EyeChapter 4. Signboards, Vision, and Commerce in the Antebellum CityPART III. PAINTING, PRINT, PERCEPTIONChapter 5. The Optics of Newspaper VisionChapter 6. Paper Money, Spectral Illusions, and the Limits of VisionNotesIndexAcknowledgments

"[Brownlee's] ostensible quarry is an antebellum visual culture that developed around the intersecting concerns of ophthalmology and optometry, reform physiology, and a rapidly expanding market economy, but he sees vision as more than the mere sum of its parts. Brownlee's analysis reaches beyond the usual metaphors of nineteenth-century vision as possessing, knowing, or controlling, analyzing the 'economy of the eyes' as a shifting field that is at once physiological, commercial, political, and cultural, and almost always attended by doubt and ambiguity...The Commerce of Vision matches the undeniable richness and complexity of antebellum America's ocularity with deft, close readings that will bear repeated examination." (Panorama) "Brownlee has identified an important and rich topic, one that opens up other avenues for scholars to explore. In addition, his interdisciplinary approach provides an excellent model of how to bridge cultural and scientific history and understand vision at both a conceptual and physiological level. The Commerce of Vision is at once a major contribution to the history of visual culture in antebellum America and a call for continued work on this history, especially given its continuing relevance to our own digitally saturated world." (Literature & History) "[A]n elegantly written and extremely interesting study of a range of visual artefacts, including newspapers, paintings, photographs, caricatures, eye glasses, paper money and signboards, among others. Brownlee effectively weaves together a number of thematic threads to create a cohesive investigation of how people in antebellum America looked, learned to look differently and dealt with failures related to vision, both physiological and ideological." (Social History of Medicine) "The Commerce of Vision is an original, rich, and engaging study of an antebellum culture intrigued by questions of seeing and visual representation yet unsettled by the energies of rapidly expanding urban and market economies. Ranging over visual, material, and archival evidence-from paintings and daguerreotypes to broadsides, typeface, and newspapers, from ophthalmology and eyeglasses to paper currency and signboards-it will interest readers in visual and material culture studies, American studies, and the history of science." (Wendy Bellion, University of Delaware)