Clearcut

Markus Kröger is a Professor of Global Development Studies at the University of Helsinki. He has focused on the politics of extraction and resistance amid global climatic-ecological crises. He has published four books and many articles on forestry, mining, agriculture, and agroforestry dynamics, focusing especially on South America, India, and the Arctic.

• Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction: 1. Theorizing regionally-dominant political and moral economies as causes of deforestation; Part II. Ranching-Grabbing Brazil: 2. Ranching the Amazon; 3. The land grabbing Mafias in Brazilian Amazon; 4. The Brazilian state and resistance to Amazon deforestation; Part III. Narco-Gold in the Rainforest: The Connection of Gold Mining and Organized Crime to Amazon Degradation: 5. Gold mining, illegality and deforestation in the Amazon; 6. Gold mining and indigenous conflicts in Madre de Dios, Peru; 7. Tracking the rising role of organized crime in gold mining: Southwestern Pará, Brazil; Part IV. Pulping Finland: 8. Finland's clearcutting forestry; 9. Consolidating the pulping economy in Finland; 10. New resistance to clearcutting in Finland; Part V. Global Deforestation: 11. The international system, global crises, and deforestation; 12. Conclusions; Epilogue; Glossary; List of references; Index.

'Over the last two decades from his perch in Helsinki, Markus Kröger has penned some of the most illuminating work on forests, frontiers, and industrial tree plantations. In Clearcut he draws together a wealth of exceptionally rich fieldwork from both Latin America and Scandinavia to offer a capacious and global theory of deforestation that links distinctive regional political economic dynamics to different varieties of extractive capitalism. Central to his innovative and provocative study are the particularities of extractive sectors - plantations, ranching, mining - that both depend upon and propel large-scale deforestation to potentially catastrophic tipping points. Clearcut is comparative political economy of the highest order, shining light on contrasting deforestation trajectories, on the role of regionally specific class configurations, and on what he calls the role of enabling and resisting moral economies. It is a magnificent achievement.' Michael Watts, Class of 63 Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley