Church Archaeology in Transylvania (ca. 950 to ca. 1450)

Daniela Marcu-Istrate, Ph.D. (2000), Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, is senior researcher at the Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology, Bucharest. She has long experience and many publications in church archaeology, being noted especially for exceptional finds related to medieval Transylvania and Hungary.

• AcknowledgmentsList of Maps and FiguresIntroductionPart 1: Resources and Historical Background1 Resources1.1 The Heritage1.2 Historiographical Overview1.3 The Archaeological Record: Excavations and Publications1.4 Summary of the Chapter2 Introduction to the Historical and Administrative Background2.1 General Historical Background2.2 Administration2.3 Religious Organization2.4 Summary of the ChapterPart 2: Shaping the Religious Landscape3 Christianisation and the Emergence of Religious Architecture3.1 General Background3.2 Preliminaries to Early Religious Architecture3.3 Cemeteries and Churches3.4 Summary of the Chapter4 The Formative Period: Byzantine and Romanesque Churches before 12004.1 Byzantine Style Churches4.2 A Glimpse into the Beginnings of Catholic Architecture4.3 Summary of the Chapter5 The Major Religious Site of Alba Iulia5.1 General Historical Background5.2 The Rotunda5.3 The Pillared Church (10th–11th Centuries)5.4 The First Roman-Catholic Cathedral (11th–12th Centuries)5.5 The Second, St Michael Cathedral5.6 Summary of the ChapterPart 3: The Catholic Churches6 The Shaping of the Religious Landscape: Mid-12th Century – Early 14th Century6.1 General Background6.2 Stylistic Considerations and Heritage6.3 The Single-Nave Church in Eastern Transylvania6.4 Romanesque Basilicas in the Saxon Colonization Area6.5 Round-Planned Churches6.6 Summary of the Chapter7 The Romanesque-Gothic Architecture: Cistercian Gothic7.1 The Cistercian Monastery in Cârța7.2 The Spread of Early Gothic: General Considerations7.3 Ground Plan Considerations7.4 Summary of the Chapter8 Gothic Architecture up to Mid-15th Century8.1 General Historical Background8.2 Making the Gothic Churches8.3 Summary of the Chapter9 The Major Religious Site of Sibiu9.1 General Historical Background and Religious Heritage9.2 The Parish Site9.3 Small Churches and Other Features within the Parish Site9.4 Summary of the Chapter10 The Fortified Churches10.1 General Considerations10.2 The Emergence and Development of Fortified Churches10.3 General Planimetric Considerations10.4 The Fortress10.5 Building, Living, and Fighting within the Cemetery: The Impact of the Fortress on the Religious Site10.6 Summary of the ChapterPart 4: The Orthodox Churches11 The Archaeology of Orthodox Churches11.1 General Consideration and the State-of-the-Art11.2 Early Development: Social and Cultural Context11.3 Architectural Features11.4 Church Construction Sites: Craftsmen, Materials, Technical Features11.5 Lights and Shadows: Looking to the Interior11.6 Summary of the Chapter12 ConclusionsBibliographyIndex