Chemistry

The Molecular Nature of Matter, International Student Version

Häftad, Engelska, 2014

Av James E. Brady, Neil D. Jespersen, Alison Hyslop, James E. (St. John's University) Brady, Neil D. (St. John's University) Jespersen, Alison (St. John's University) Hyslop

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Chemistry, Seventh Edition provides the necessary practice, support, concept mastery and individualized instruction that ensure success in the General Chemistry course. The unique "chemical tools" approach employed in this book provides a way of thinking that helps readers develop the ability to analyze and solve both mathematical and conceptual problems.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2014-09-02
Mått215 x 275 x 36 mm
Vikt2 214 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor1 144
Upplaga7
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781118717271

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0 | A Very Brief History of Chemistry 10.1 Chemistry’s Important Concepts 20.2 Supernovas and the Elements 30.3 Elements and the Earth 50.4 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 70.5 Internal Structure of the Atom 8Tools for Problem Solving 21Review Questions and Problems 211 | Scientific Measurements 241.1 Laws and Theories: The Scientific Method 251.2 Matter and Its Classifications 271.3 Physical and Chemical Properties 311.4 Measurement of Physical and Chemical Properties 321.5 The Uncertainty of Measurements 411.6 Dimensional Analysis 451.7 Density and Specific Gravity 49Tools for Problem Solving 56Review Questions and Problems 572 | Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table 632.1 The Periodic Table 642.2 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids 672.3 Molecules and Chemical Formulas 702.4 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations 772.5 Ionic Compounds 802.6 Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds 862.7 Molecular Compounds 912.8 Nomenclature of Molecular Compounds 94Tools for Problem Solving 100Review Questions and Problems 1023 | The Mole and Stoichiometry 1083.1 The Mole and Avogadro’s Number 1093.2 The Mole, Formula Mass, and Stoichiometry 1153.3 Chemical Formula and Percentage Composition 1183.4 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas 1203.5 Stoichiometry and Chemical Equations 1293.6 Limiting Reactants 1373.7 Theoretical Yield and Percentage Yield 141Tools for Problem Solving 145Review Questions and Problems 1474 | Molecular View of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1554.1 Describing Solutions 1564.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 1584.3 Equations for Ionic Reactions 1604.4 Introducing Acids and Bases 1644.5 Acid–Base Nomenclature 1724.6 Double Replacement (Metathesis) Reactions 1744.7 Molarity 1844.8 Solution Stoichiometry 1914.9 Titrations and Chemical Analysis 195Tools for Problem Solving 204Review Questions and Problems 2055 | Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 2125.1 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 2135.2 Balancing Redox Equations 2205.3 Acids as Oxidizing Agents 2255.4 Redox Reactions of Metals 2295.5 Molecular Oxygen as an Oxidizing Agent 2335.6 Stoichiometry of Redox Reactions 237Tools for Problem Solving 242Review Questions and Problems 2436 | Energy and Chemical Change 2516.1 Energy: The Ability to Do Work 2526.2 Heat, Temperature, and Internal Energy 2556.3 Measuring Heat 2586.4 Energy of Chemical Reactions 2646.5 Heat, Work, and the First Law of Thermodynamics 2666.6 Heats of Reaction 2706.7 Thermochemical Equations 2756.8 Hess’s Law 2776.9 Standard Heats of Reaction 283Tools for Problem Solving 291Review Questions and Problems 2927 | The Quantum Mechanical Atom 3007.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 3017.2 Line Spectra and the Rydberg Equation 3097.3 The Bohr Theory 3117.4 The Wave Mechanical Model 3147.5 Quantum Numbers of Electrons in Atoms 3197.6 Electron Spin 3227.7 Energy Levels and Ground State Electron Configurations 3247.8 Periodic Table and Ground State Electron Configurations 3267.9 Atomic Orbitals: Shapes and Orientations 3327.10 Periodic Table and Properties of the Elements 336Tools for Problem Solving 346Review Questions and Problems 3478 | The Basics of Chemical Bonding 3528.1 Energy Requirements for Bond Formation 3538.2 Ionic Bonding 3548.3 Octet Rule and Electron Configurations of Ions 3588.4 Lewis Symbols: Keeping Track of Valence Electrons 3628.5 Covalent Bonds 3648.6 Bond Polarity and Electronegativity 3688.7 Lewis Structures 3738.8 Resonance Structures 3848.9 Covalent Compounds of Carbon 387Tools for Problem Solving 395Review Questions and Problems 3969 | Theories of Bonding and Structure 4039.1 Five Basic Molecular Geometries 4049.2 Molecular Shapes and the VSEPR Model 4079.3 Molecular Structure and Dipole Moments 4159.4 Valence Bond Theory 4209.5 Hybrid Orbitals and Molecular Geometry 4239.6 Hybrid Orbitals and Multiple Bonds 4349.7 Molecular Orbital Theory Basics 4409.8 Delocalized Molecular Orbitals 4479.9 Bonding in Solids 4489.10 Bonding of the Allotropes of the Elements 450Tools for Problem Solving 457Review Questions and Problems 45910 | Properties of Gases 46510.1 A Molecular Look at Gases 46610.2 Measurement of Pressure 46710.3 Gas Laws 47210.4 Stoichiometry Using Gas Volumes 47810.5 Ideal Gas Law 48210.6 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures 49010.7 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 50110.8 Real Gases 504Tools for Problem Solving 508Review Questions and Problems 50911 | Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids 51511.1 Intermolecular Forces 51611.2 Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties 52511.3 Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibria 53111.4 Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids 53311.5 Boiling Points of Liquids 53511.6 Energy and Changes of State 53711.7 Phase Diagrams 54111.8 Le Châtelier’s Principle and Changes of State 54611.9 Determining Heats of Vaporization 54711.10 Structures of Crystalline Solids 54911.11 Determining the Structure of Solids 55711.12 Crystal Types and Physical Properties 560Tools for Problem Solving 566Review Questions and Problems 56812 | Mixtures at the Molecular Level: Properties of Solutions 57512.1 Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions 57612.2 Heats of Solution 58012.3 Solubility as a Function of Temperature 58412.4 Henry’s Law 58612.5 Concentration Units 58812.6 Colligative Properties 59512.7 Heterogeneous Mixtures 614Tools for Problem Solving 619Review Questions and Problems 62013 | Chemical Kinetics 62513.1 Factors that Affect the Rate of Chemical Change 62613.2 Measuring Reaction Rates 62813.3 Rate Laws 63413.4 Integrated Rate Laws 64313.5 Molecular Basis of Collision Theory 65413.6 Molecular Basis of Transition State Theory 65713.7 Activation Energies 66013.8 Mechanisms of Reactions 66513.9 Catalysts 671Tools for Problem Solving 676Review Questions and Problems 67814 | Chemical Equilibrium 68614.1 Dynamic Equilibrium in Chemical Systems 68714.2 Equilibrium Laws 69014.3 Equilibrium Laws Based on Pressures or Concentrations 69414.4 Equilibrium Laws for Heterogeneous Reactions 69814.5 Position of Equilibrium and the Equilibrium Constant 69914.6 Equilibrium and Le Châtelier’s Principle 70114.7 Calculating Equilibrium Constants 70614.8 Using Equilibrium Constants to Calculate Concentrations 709Tools for Problem Solving 723Review Questions and Problems 72515 | Acids and Bases, A Molecular Look 73115.1 Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases 73215.2 Strengths of Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases 73715.3 Periodic Trends in the Strengths of Acids 74115.4 Lewis Acids and Bases 74615.5 Acid–Base Properties of Elements and Their Oxides 75015.6 Advanced Ceramics and Acid–Base Chemistry 753Tools for Problem Solving 757Review Questions and Problems 75816 | Acid–Base Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions 76216.1 Water, pH, and “p” Notation 76316.2 pH of Strong Acid and Base Solutions 76716.3 Ionization Constants, Ka and Kb 76916.4 Determining Ka and Kb Values 77316.5 pH of Weak Acid and Weak Base Solutions 77616.6 Acid–Base Properties of Salt Solutions 78116.7 Buffer Solutions 78516.8 Polyprotic Acids 79216.9 Acid–Base Titrations 798Tools for Problem Solving 807Review Questions and Problems 80817 | Solubility and Simultaneous Equilibria 81617.1 Equilibria in Solutions of Slightly Soluble Salts 81717.2 Solubility of Basic Salts Is Influenced by Acids 82817.3 Equilibria in Solutions of Metal Oxides and Sulfides 83117.4 Selective Precipitation 83417.5 Equilibria Involving Complex Ions 84117.6 Complexation and Solubility 845Tools for Problem Solving 848Review Questions and Problems 84918 | Thermodynamics 85518.1 First Law of Thermodynamics 85618.2 Spontaneous Change 86018.3 Entropy 86218.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics 86718.5 Third Law of Thermodynamics 87118.6 Standard Free Energy Change, ΔG ° 87418.7 Maximum Work and ΔG 87618.8 Free Energy and Equilibrium 88018.9 Equilibrium Constants and ΔG ° 88618.10 Bond Energies 890Tools for Problem Solving 895Review Questions and Problems 89619 | Electrochemistry 90419.1 Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells 90519.2 Cell Potentials 91019.3 Utilizing Standard Reduction Potentials 91719.4 E °cell and ΔG ° 92319.5 Cell Potentials and Concentrations 92619.6 Electricity 93219.7 Electrolytic Cells 93919.8 Electrolysis Stoichiometry 94519.9 Practical Applications of Electrolysis 949Tools for Problem Solving 954Review Questions and Problems 95520 | Nuclear Reactions and Their Role in Chemistry 96220.1 Conservation of Mass and Energy 96320.2 Nuclear Binding Energy 96520.3 Radioactivity 96720.4 Band of Stability 97320.5 Transmutation 97720.6 Measuring Radioactivity 98020.7 Medical and Analytical Applications of Radionuclides 98420.8 Nuclear Fission and Fusion 986Tools for Problem Solving 995Review Questions and Problems 99621 | Metal Complexes 100221.1 Complex Ions 100321.2 Metal Complex Nomenclature 100921.3 Coordination Number and Structure 101121.4 Isomers of Metal Complexes 101321.5 Bonding in Metal Complexes 101721.6 Biological Functions of Metal Ions 1024Tools for Problem Solving 1028Review Questions and Problems 102822 | Organic Compounds, Polymers, and Biochemicals 103322.1 Organic Structures and Functional Groups 103422.2 Hydrocarbons: Structure, Nomenclature and Reactions 103922.3 Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen 104622.4 Organic Derivatives of Ammonia 105422.5 Organic Polymers 105622.6 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins 106322.7 Nucleic Acids, DNA, and RNA 1072Tools for Problem Solving 1077Review Questions and Problems 1080APPENDICESAppendix A: Review of Mathematics A-1Appendix B: Answers to Practice Exercises and Selected Review Problems OnlineAppendix C: Tables of Selected Data A-28Glossary OnlineIndex I-1