Bernard Spolsky is Professor Emeritus of English at Bar-Ilan University, Israel.Ofra Inbar-Lourie is head of the Teachers’ Education Unit of Tel Aviv University, School of Education, Israel.Michal Tannenbaum is a Senior Lecturer and the head of the Language Education Program at Tel Aviv University, Israel.

• Preface: Dear Elana, Bernard SpolskyIntroduction: A Portrait of the Researcher in a Never-Ending Journey, Ofra Inbar and Michal TannenbaumChapter 1: Language Tests for Residency and Citizenship and the Conferring of Individuality, Tim McNamara, Kamran Khan, and Kellie FrostChapter 2: Setting Standards for Multilingual Curricula to Teach and Test Foreign Languages, Bessie Dendrinos and Voula GotsouliaChapter 3: In the Name of the CEFR: Individuals and Standards, Monica BarniChapter 4: Acknowledging the Diversity of the Language Learner Population in Australia: Towards Context-Sensitive Language Standards, Catherine Anne ElderChapter 5: Students’ Voices: The Challenge of Measuring Speaking for Academic Contexts, Lindsay Brooks and Merrill SwainChapter 6: Ethical Codes and Responsibility, Alan DaviesChapter 7: Cultivating an Ecology of Multilingualism in Schools, Ofelia García and Kate MenkenChapter 8: English in Ethiopia: Making Space for the Individual in Language Policy, Elizabeth Lanza and Hirut WoldemariamChapter 9: Portraits of Language Activists in Indigenous Language Revitalization, Nancy H. HornbergerChapter 10: Refugees in Canada: On the Loss of Social Capital, Thomas RicentoChapter 11: Linguistic Landscapes Inside Multilingual Schools, Durk Gorter and Jasone CenozChapter 12: “We Are Not Really a Mixed City”— A De-Jure Bilingual Linguistic Landscape – The Case of Jewish-Arab Mixed Cities in Israel, Dafna Yitzhaki and Theodorus du PlessisChapter 13: Hebraization in the Palestinian Language Landscape in Israel, Muhammad AmaraChapter 14: Hebrew in the North American Linguistic Landscape: Materializing the Sacred, Sharon AvniChapter 15: Welcome: Synthetic Personalization and Commodification of Sociability in the Linguistic Landscape of Global Tourism, Adam JaworskiChapter 16: A Researcher’s Auto-Socioanalysis: Making Space for the Personal, Claire KramschChapter 17: Understanding the Holocaust: A Personal History, Critical Literacy Analysis of a Gestapo File, David I. HanauerChapter 18: Language Experience Changes Language and Cognitive Ability: Implications for Social Policy, Ellen BialystokChapter 19: Strategies for the Super-Multilingual in an Increasingly Global World, Andrew D. Cohen Chapter 20: Gender, Sexuality and Multilingualism in the Language Classroom, Lyn Wright Fogle and Kendall A. KingChapter 21: Examining Markers of Identity Construction in English Language Learning: Some Implications for Palestinian-Israeli and Jewish-Israeli Language Learners, Julia Schlam Salman, Elite Olshtain, and Zvi BekermanChapter 22: Integrational Linguistics and L2 Proficiency, James P. LantolfAbout the Contributors

“Valuable for specialists and general readers alike, this extraordinary collection illuminates the personal and social origins and implications of real-life language policies with a level of authority, insight, and specificity not found elsewhere. It connects language policies to the aspirations, benefits, challenges, and tensions experienced by language managers and learners around the world.”Mary McGroarty, Northern Arizona University, USA

Bernard Spolsky is Professor Emeritus of English at Bar-Ilan University, Israel.Ofra Inbar-Lourie is head of the Teachers’ Education Unit of Tel Aviv University, School of Education, Israel.Michal Tannenbaum is a Senior Lecturer and the head of the Language Education Program at Tel Aviv University, Israel.

• Preface: Dear Elana, Bernard SpolskyIntroduction: A Portrait of the Researcher in a Never-Ending Journey, Ofra Inbar and Michal TannenbaumChapter 1: Language Tests for Residency and Citizenship and the Conferring of Individuality, Tim McNamara, Kamran Khan, and Kellie FrostChapter 2: Setting Standards for Multilingual Curricula to Teach and Test Foreign Languages, Bessie Dendrinos and Voula GotsouliaChapter 3: In the Name of the CEFR: Individuals and Standards, Monica BarniChapter 4: Acknowledging the Diversity of the Language Learner Population in Australia: Towards Context-Sensitive Language Standards, Catherine Anne ElderChapter 5: Students’ Voices: The Challenge of Measuring Speaking for Academic Contexts, Lindsay Brooks and Merrill SwainChapter 6: Ethical Codes and Responsibility, Alan DaviesChapter 7: Cultivating an Ecology of Multilingualism in Schools, Ofelia García and Kate MenkenChapter 8: English in Ethiopia: Making Space for the Individual in Language Policy, Elizabeth Lanza and Hirut WoldemariamChapter 9: Portraits of Language Activists in Indigenous Language Revitalization, Nancy H. HornbergerChapter 10: Refugees in Canada: On the Loss of Social Capital, Thomas RicentoChapter 11: Linguistic Landscapes Inside Multilingual Schools, Durk Gorter and Jasone CenozChapter 12: “We Are Not Really a Mixed City”— A De-Jure Bilingual Linguistic Landscape – The Case of Jewish-Arab Mixed Cities in Israel, Dafna Yitzhaki and Theodorus du PlessisChapter 13: Hebraization in the Palestinian Language Landscape in Israel, Muhammad AmaraChapter 14: Hebrew in the North American Linguistic Landscape: Materializing the Sacred, Sharon AvniChapter 15: Welcome: Synthetic Personalization and Commodification of Sociability in the Linguistic Landscape of Global Tourism, Adam JaworskiChapter 16: A Researcher’s Auto-Socioanalysis: Making Space for the Personal, Claire KramschChapter 17: Understanding the Holocaust: A Personal History, Critical Literacy Analysis of a Gestapo File, David I. HanauerChapter 18: Language Experience Changes Language and Cognitive Ability: Implications for Social Policy, Ellen BialystokChapter 19: Strategies for the Super-Multilingual in an Increasingly Global World, Andrew D. Cohen Chapter 20: Gender, Sexuality and Multilingualism in the Language Classroom, Lyn Wright Fogle and Kendall A. KingChapter 21: Examining Markers of Identity Construction in English Language Learning: Some Implications for Palestinian-Israeli and Jewish-Israeli Language Learners, Julia Schlam Salman, Elite Olshtain, and Zvi BekermanChapter 22: Integrational Linguistics and L2 Proficiency, James P. LantolfAbout the Contributors

“Valuable for specialists and general readers alike, this extraordinary collection illuminates the personal and social origins and implications of real-life language policies with a level of authority, insight, and specificity not found elsewhere. It connects language policies to the aspirations, benefits, challenges, and tensions experienced by language managers and learners around the world.”Mary McGroarty, Northern Arizona University, USA

Bernard Spolsky is Professor Emeritus of English at Bar-Ilan University, Israel.Ofra Inbar-Lourie is head of the Teachers’ Education Unit of Tel Aviv University, School of Education, Israel.Michal Tannenbaum is a Senior Lecturer and the head of the Language Education Program at Tel Aviv University, Israel.

• Preface: Dear Elana, Bernard SpolskyIntroduction: A Portrait of the Researcher in a Never-Ending Journey, Ofra Inbar and Michal TannenbaumChapter 1: Language Tests for Residency and Citizenship and the Conferring of Individuality, Tim McNamara, Kamran Khan, and Kellie FrostChapter 2: Setting Standards for Multilingual Curricula to Teach and Test Foreign Languages, Bessie Dendrinos and Voula GotsouliaChapter 3: In the Name of the CEFR: Individuals and Standards, Monica BarniChapter 4: Acknowledging the Diversity of the Language Learner Population in Australia: Towards Context-Sensitive Language Standards, Catherine Anne ElderChapter 5: Students’ Voices: The Challenge of Measuring Speaking for Academic Contexts, Lindsay Brooks and Merrill SwainChapter 6: Ethical Codes and Responsibility, Alan DaviesChapter 7: Cultivating an Ecology of Multilingualism in Schools, Ofelia García and Kate MenkenChapter 8: English in Ethiopia: Making Space for the Individual in Language Policy, Elizabeth Lanza and Hirut WoldemariamChapter 9: Portraits of Language Activists in Indigenous Language Revitalization, Nancy H. HornbergerChapter 10: Refugees in Canada: On the Loss of Social Capital, Thomas RicentoChapter 11: Linguistic Landscapes Inside Multilingual Schools, Durk Gorter and Jasone CenozChapter 12: “We Are Not Really a Mixed City”— A De-Jure Bilingual Linguistic Landscape – The Case of Jewish-Arab Mixed Cities in Israel, Dafna Yitzhaki and Theodorus du PlessisChapter 13: Hebraization in the Palestinian Language Landscape in Israel, Muhammad AmaraChapter 14: Hebrew in the North American Linguistic Landscape: Materializing the Sacred, Sharon AvniChapter 15: Welcome: Synthetic Personalization and Commodification of Sociability in the Linguistic Landscape of Global Tourism, Adam JaworskiChapter 16: A Researcher’s Auto-Socioanalysis: Making Space for the Personal, Claire KramschChapter 17: Understanding the Holocaust: A Personal History, Critical Literacy Analysis of a Gestapo File, David I. HanauerChapter 18: Language Experience Changes Language and Cognitive Ability: Implications for Social Policy, Ellen BialystokChapter 19: Strategies for the Super-Multilingual in an Increasingly Global World, Andrew D. Cohen Chapter 20: Gender, Sexuality and Multilingualism in the Language Classroom, Lyn Wright Fogle and Kendall A. KingChapter 21: Examining Markers of Identity Construction in English Language Learning: Some Implications for Palestinian-Israeli and Jewish-Israeli Language Learners, Julia Schlam Salman, Elite Olshtain, and Zvi BekermanChapter 22: Integrational Linguistics and L2 Proficiency, James P. LantolfAbout the Contributors

“Valuable for specialists and general readers alike, this extraordinary collection illuminates the personal and social origins and implications of real-life language policies with a level of authority, insight, and specificity not found elsewhere. It connects language policies to the aspirations, benefits, challenges, and tensions experienced by language managers and learners around the world.”Mary McGroarty, Northern Arizona University, USA