Sergio Canavero, functional neurosurgeon, is professor (hon. c.) at Harbin Medical University in China. Dr. Canavero founded and led the Turin Advanced Neuromodulation Group, a think-tank devoted to the advancement of brain stimulation techniques, for 20 years. He invented Extradural Motor Cortex Stimulation for Parkinson Disease, Bifocal Extradural Cortical Stimulation for Stroke Rehabilitation and the Vegetative State, and discovered the mechanism of Central Pain Syndrome at age 27. He has over 100 peer-reviewed publications and several books to his credit, and serves as a reviewer for some of the most important scientific journals like Nature Reviews, New England Journal of Medicine, Brain, Neuroimage, and Pain.Vincenzo Bonicalzi is an adjunct professor of Neurophysiopathology at the Department of Neurosciences, Ospedale Molinette (Turin, Italy) as well as pain therapist and neuroanesthesiologist.