Carbon in Earth's Interior

Craig E. Manning, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Jung-Fu Lin, University of Texas at Austin, USA Wendy L. Mao, Stanford University, USA

• Contributors viiPreface xi1. Pressure‐Induced sp2‐sp3 Transitions in Carbon‐Bearing Phases 1Sergey S. Lobanov and Alexander F. Goncharov2. High‐Pressure Carbonaceous Phases as Minerals 11Oliver Tschauner3. Phase and Melting Relations of Fe3C to 300 GPa and Carbon in the Core 25Suguru Takahashi, Eiji Ohtani, Takeshi Sakai, Seiji Kamada, Shin Ozawa, Tatsuya Sakamaki, Masaaki Miyahara, Yoshinori Ito, Naohisa Hirao, and Yasuo Ohishi4. Structure and Properties of Liquid Fe‐C Alloys at High Pressures by Experiments and First‐Principles Calculations 37Bin Chen and Jianwei Wang5. A Geologic Si‐O‐C Pathway to Incorporate Carbon in Silicates 47Alexandra Navrotsky, John Percival, and Larissa Dobrzhinetskaya6. Structural and Chemical Modifications of Carbon Dioxide on Transport to the Deep Earth 55Mario Santoro, Federico A. Gorelli, Kamil Dziubek, Demetrio Scelta, and Roberto Bini7. Carbon Redox Chemistry: Deep Carbon Dioxide and Carbonates 67Choong‐Shik Yoo8. Crystallization of Water Mediated by Carbon 77Tianshu Li, Yuanfei Bi, and Boxiao Cao9. Structures and Crystal Chemistry of Carbonate at Earth’s Mantle Conditions 87Marco Merlini, Sula Milani, and Juliette Maurice10. Nitrogen Diffusion in Calcite 97Daniele Cherniak, Morgan Schaller, and Bruce Watson11. High‐Pressure Transformations and Stability of Ferromagnesite in the Earth’s Mantle 105Eglantine Boulard, François Guyot, and Guillaume Fiquet12. Spin Transition of Iron in Deep‐Mantle Ferromagnesite 115Jiachao Liu, Suyu Fu, and Jung‐Fu Lin13. High‐Pressure Na‐Ca Carbonates in the Deep Carbon Cycle 127Sergey Rashchenko, Anton Shatskiy, and Konstantin Litasov14. Phase Diagrams of Carbonate Materials at High Pressures, with Implications for Melting and Carbon Cycling in the Deep Earth 137Konstantin Litasov, Anton Shatskiy, Ivan Podborodnikov, and Anton Arefiev15. Reactive Preservation of Carbonate in Earth’s Mantle Transition Zone 167Jie Li, Feng Zhu, Jiachao Liu, and Junjie Dong16. Carbon Speciation and Solubility in Silicate Melts 179Natalia Solomatova, Razvan Caracas, and Ronald Cohen17. The Effect of Variable Na/K on the CO2 Content of Slab‐Derived Rhyolitic Melts 195Michelle Muth, Megan S. Duncan, and Rajdeep Dasgupta18. Hydrous Carbonatitic Liquids Drive CO2 Recycling From Subducted Marls and Limestones 209Erwin Schettino and Stefano Poli19. The Viscosity of Carbonate‐Silicate Transitional Melts at Earth’s Upper Mantle Pressures and Temperatures, Determined by the In Situ Falling‐Sphere Technique 223Vincenzo Stagno, Yoshio Kono, Veronica Stopponi, Matteo Masotta, Piergiorgio Scarlato, and Craig E. Manning20. Mixed Fluids of Water and Carbon Dioxide 237Evan Abramson21. Experimental Determination of Calcite Solubility in H2O‐KCl‐NaCl‐LiCl Solutions at 700°C and 8 kbar 245James Eguchi, Yuan Li, and Craig E. Manning22. The Changing Character of Carbon in Fluids with Pressure: Organic Geochemistry of Earth’s Upper Mantle Fluids 259Dimitri Sverjensky, Isabelle Daniel, and Alberto Vitale Brovarone23. Free Energies of Reaction for Aqueous Glycine Condensation Chemistry at Extreme Temperatures 271Matthew Kroonblawd and Nir Goldman24. Predicted Speciation of Carbon in Subduction Zone Fluids 285Meghan Guild and Everett L. Shock25. Energetics of the Citric Acid Cycle in the Deep Biosphere 303Peter A. Canovas, III and Everett L. Shock26. Deep Hydrocarbon Cycle: An Experimental Simulation 329Vladimir Kutcherov, Kirill Ivanov, Elena Mukhina, and Aleksandr Serovaiskii27. Diamondoids Under Pressure 341Sulgiye Park, Yu Lin, and Wendy L. MaoIndex 351