Business Statistics of the United States 2025

Mary Meghan Ryan is an executive editor for Bernan Press. She is also the editor for Employment, Hours, and Earnings: States and Areas; and co-editor for County and City Extra and Places, Towns and Townships. In addition, she serves as the associate editor for Business Statistics of the United States: Patterns of Economic Change.

• CONTENTSPrefaceArticle—“Cycle and Growth Perspectives”Article—“The U.S. Economy 1929–1948” Figure A-1: Employment, 1929–1948Figure A-2: Unemployment Rates, 1929–1948Figure A-3: Per Capita Real Output and Consumption, 1929–1948Figure A-4: Inflation and Nominal and Real Interest Rates, 1929–1948Figure A-5: Money and Credit Growth, 1930–1948Article—“ COVID-19 and the U.S Economy”General NotesPART A: THE U.S. ECONOMYCHAPTER 1: NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT Section 1a: Gross Domestic Product: Values, Quantities, and PricesFigure 1-1: Components of GDP, Tables1-1A: Gross Domestic Product: Recent Data1-1B: Gross Domestic Product: Historical Data1-2A: Real Gross Domestic Product: Recent Data1-2B: Real Gross Domestic Product: Historical Data1-3A: U.S. Population and Per Capita Product and Income: Recent Data1-3B: U.S. Population and Per Capita Product and Income: Historical Data 1-4A: Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product: Recent Data1-4B: Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product: Historical Data1-5A: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Domestic Purchases: Recent Data1-5B: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Domestic Purchases: Historical Data1-6A: Chain-Type Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Domestic Purchases: Recent Data1-6B: Chain-Type Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Domestic Purchases: Historical Data1-7: Final SalesFigure 1-2: Inventory Change and Inventory-Sales Ratio (Quarterly 1-8A: Inventory Change and Inventory-Sales Ratios: Recent Data1-8B: Inventory Change and Inventory-Sales Ratios: Historical DataFigure 1-3: Shares of Aggregate Final Demand (Percent of Total), 1-9: Shares of Aggregate Supply 1-10: Shares of Aggregate Final Demand Section 1b: Income and Value AddedFigure 1-4: Shares of Income Tables1-11: Relation of Gross Domestic Product, Gross and Net National Product, National Income, and Personal Income 1-12: Gross Domestic Income by Type of Income 1-13A: National Income by Type of Income: Recent Data1-13B: National Income by Type of Income: Historical Data1-14: Gross and Net Value Added of Domestic Corporate Business 1-15: Gross Value Added of Nonfinancial Domestic Corporate Business in Current and Chained Dollars 1-16: Shares of IncomeNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 2: INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATIONFigure 2-1: Capacity Utilization: Total Manufacturing and High-Tech IndustriesTables2-1: Industrial Production Indexes by Market Groups2-2: Industrial Production Indexes by NAICS Industry Groups2-3: Capacity Utilization by NAICS Industry Groups2-4A: Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization: Historical Data, 2-4B: Industrial Production: Historical DataNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 3: INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY Section 3a: Household and Family IncomeFigure 3-1: Average Share of Income by QuintileTables3-1: Median and Mean Household Income and Median Earnings3-2: Median Family Income by Type of Family 3-3: Shares of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households3-4: Shares of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of FamiliesSection 3b: PovertyFigure 3-2: Poverty Rates, Total Children and Seniors Tables3-5: Weighted Average Poverty Thresholds by Family Size3-6: Poverty Status of People by Race and Hispanic Origin3-7: Poverty Status of Families by Type of Family3-8: Poverty Status of People by Sex and Age3-9: Working-Age Poor People by Work Experience3-10: Number and Percent of People in Poverty Using the Supplemental Poverty Measure, and Comparison With Official Measures Notes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 4: CONSUMER INCOME AND SPENDING Figure 4-1: Personal Saving RateTables4-1A: Personal Income and Its Disposition: Recent Data4-1B: Personal Income and Its Disposition: Historical Data4-2: Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product4-3: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product4-4: Chain-Type Price Indexes for Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of ProductFigure 4-2: Personal Consumption Expenditures by Type of Expenditure 4-5: Household Consumption Expenditures by FunctionNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 5: SAVING AND INVESTMENT Figure 5-1: National Saving, Investment, and BorrowingTables5-1A: Saving and Investment: Recent Data5-1B: Saving and Investment: Historical Data5-2: Gross Private Fixed Investment by Type5-3: Real Gross Private Fixed Investment by TypeFigure 5-2: Real Private Fixed Investment by Major Type5-4: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Private Fixed Investment by Type5-5A: Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Recent Data5-5B: Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Historical Data5-6A: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Recent Data5-6B: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Historical Data5-7: Capital Expenditures5-8: Capital Expenditures for Structures and Equipment for Companies with Employees by Major Industry SectorNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 6: GOVERNMENT Section 6a: Federal Government in the National Income and Product AccountsFigure 6-1: Federal Government Saving and Dis-saving Tables6-1: Federal Government Current Receipts and Expenditures6-2: Federal Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment6-3: Federal Government Defense and Nondefense Consumption Expenditures by Type6-4: National Defense Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment: Selected Detail6-5: Federal Government Output, Lending and Borrowing, and Net Investment6-6: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Federal Government Defense and Nondefense Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment6-7: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for National Defense Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment: Selected DetailSection 6b: State and Local Government in the National Income and Product AccountsFigure 6-2: State and Local Government Current Receipts and Expenditures and Net Lending (Borrowing-) Tables6-8: State and Local Government Current Receipts 6-9: State and Local Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment6-10: State and Local Government Output, Lending and Borrowing, and Net Investment6-11: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for State and Local Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment6-12: State Government Current Receipts and Expenditures6-13: Local Government Current Receipts and ExpendituresSection 6c: Federal Government Budget Accounts Figure 6-3: Federal Debt as a Percent of GDPTables6-14A: Federal Government Receipts and Outlays by Fiscal Year6-14B: The Federal Budget and GDP6-15: Federal Government Debt by Fiscal YearSection 6d: Government Output and EmploymentFigure 6-4: Government EmploymentTables6-16: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Government Output6-17: Government EmploymentNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 7: U.S. FOREIGN TRADE AND FINANCE Section 7a: Foreign Transactions in the National Income and Product AccountsFigure 7-1: Receipts, Payments, and Balance on Current AccountTables7-1: Foreign Transactions in the National Income and Product Accounts7-2: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Exports and Imports of Goods and Services7-3: Chain-Type Price Indexes for Exports and Imports of Goods and Services7-4: Exports and Imports of Selected NIPA Types of Product7-5: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Exports and Imports of Selected NIPA Types of ProductSection 7b: U.S. International Transactions AccountsFigure 7-2: Foreign Trade Balances on Goods and ServicesTables7-6: U.S. Exports and Imports of Goods and Services7-7: U.S. Exports of Goods by End-Use and Advanced Technology Categories7-8: U.S. Imports of Goods by End-Use and Advanced Technology CategoriesSection 7-3: Exports and ImportsFigure 7-3: Imports and Exports of Petroleum 7-9: U.S. Exports and Imports of Goods by Principal End-Use Category in Constant Dollars7-10: U.S. Exports of Goods by Selected Regions and Countries7-11: U.S. Imports of Goods by Selected Regions and Countries7-12A: U.S. Exports of Services: Recent Data7-12B: U.S. Exports of Services: Historical7-13A: U.S. Imports of Services: Recent Data7-13B: U.S. Imports of Services: Historical7-14: U.S. Export and Import Price Indexes by End-Use CategoryNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 8: PRICES Figure 8-1: Inflation IndicatorsTables8-1A: Summary Consumer and Producer Price Indexes: Recent Data8-1B: Summary Consumer and Producer Price Indexes: Historical, 8-1C: Consumer and Producer Price Indexes: Historical, Figure 8-2: Intermediate Demand by Production Flow by Stage8-2: Consumer Price Indexes and Purchasing Power of the Dollar8-3: Alternative Measures of Total and Core Consumer Prices: Index Levels8-4: Alternative Measures of Total and Core Consumer Prices: Inflation Rates8-5: Producer Price Indexes for Goods and Services: Final Demand8-6: Producer Price Indexes for Goods and Services: Intermediate Demand8-7: Producer Price Indexes for Goods by Major Commodity GroupsNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 9: EMPLOYMENT COSTS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND PROFITS Section 9a: Employment Cost IndexesFigure 9-1: Figure 9-1: Changes in Wages and Salaries and in Benefit Costs, Private Nonfarm InventoryTables9-1: Employment Cost Indexes, NAICS Basis 9-2: Employment Cost Indexes, SIC Basis Section 9b: Productivity and Related DataFigure 9-2: Change in Labor Productivity, Nonfarm BusinessTable9-3A: Productivity and Related Data: Recent Data9-3B: Productivity and Related Data: Historical 9-4: Corporate Profits with Inventory Valuation Adjustment by Industry GroupNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 10: EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS Section 10a: Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment from the Current Population SurveyFigure 10-1: Labor Force Participation Rate and Employment/Population RatioTables10-1A: Summary Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment: Recent Data10-1B: Summary Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment: Historical10-2: Labor Force and Employment by Major Age and Sex Groups10-3: Employment by Type of JobFigure 10-2: Unemployment Rate10-4: Unemployment by Demographic Group10-5: Unemployment Rates and Related Data10-6: Insured UnemploymentSection 10b: Payroll Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the Current Employment Statistics SurveyFigure 10-3: Total Nonfarm Payroll EmploymentTables10-7: Nonfarm Payroll Employment by NAICS Supersector: Recent Data10-8: Employment, Hours, and Earnings, Total Nonfarm and Manufacturing, Historical Annual and MonthlyFigure 10-4: Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Monthly 10-9: Average Weekly Hours of All Employees on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS Supersector10-10: Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of All Employees on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS Supersector10-11: Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS Supersector10-12: Average Weekly Earnings of All Employees on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS Supersector 10-13: Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS Supersector10-14: Average Weekly Hours of Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS Supersector10-15: Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS Supersector10-16: Average Hourly Earnings of Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS Supersector10-17: Average Weekly Earnings of Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by NAICS SupersectorSection 10c: Other Significant Labor Market DataFigure 10-5: Median Usual Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Race, 10-18: Hours at Work, Current Population Survey10-19: Median Usual Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary WorkersNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 11: ENERGYFigure 11-1: Figure 11-1: Energy ProductionTables11-1: Energy Supply and Consumption11-2: Energy Consumption per Dollar of Real Gross Domestic Product11-3: Petroleum and Petroleum Products—Prices, Imports, Domestic Production, and Stocks Notes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 12: MONEY, INTEREST, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND ASSET PRICES Figure 12-1. M1 and M2 in Tables12-1A: Money Stock Measures and Components of M1: Recent Data12-1B: Money Stock: Historical, 1892-192412-1C: Money Stock: Historical, January 1947–January 195912-2: Components of Non-M1 M2 Figure 12-2. S&P Stock price Index and FHFA House Price Index, 12-3: Consumer Credit12-4: Selected Stock and Housing Market Data 12-5: Derivation of U.S. Net WealthNotes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 13: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSFigure 13-1: Gross Domestic Product Growth Rates by Country Tables13-1: International Comparisons: Percent Change in Real GDP, Consumer Prices, Current Account Balances, and Unemployment Rate 13-2: Foreign Exchange Rates Notes and DefinitionsPART B: INDUSTRY PROFILESCHAPTER 14: PRODUCT AND INCOME BY INDUSTRYFigure 14.1 Growth Rates by Industry Groups and Selected Industry, Tables14-1A: Gross Domestic Product (Value Added) by Industry14-2A: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Value Added by Industry14-3: Gross Domestic Factor Income by Industry Notes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 15: EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS BY INDUSTRY Figure 15-1: Net New Nonfarm Payroll Jobs by Major Industry Group, Tables15-1: Nonfarm Employment by Sector and Industry15-2: Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry15-3: Average Weekly Hours of Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry 15-4: Average Hourly Earnings of Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry 15-5: Average Weekly Earnings of Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry 15-6: Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production and Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry Notes and DefinitionsCHAPTER 16: KEY SECTOR STATISTICS Figure 16-1: Housing Starts Tables16-1: New Construction Put in Place 16-2: Housing Starts and Building Permits; New House Sales and Prices 16-3: Manufacturers’ Shipments 16-4: Manufacturers’ Inventories 16-5: Manufacturers’ New Orders 16-6: Manufacturers’ Unfilled Orders, Durable Goods Industries 16-7: Motor Vehicle Sales and Inventories 16-8: Retail and Food Services Sales 16-9: Quarterly Retail Sales: Total and E-Commerce 16-10: Retail Inventories 16-11: Merchant Wholesalers—Sales and Inventories 16-12: Manufacturing and Trade Sales and Inventories 16-13: Real Manufacturing and Trade Sales and Inventories 16-14: Selected Services—Quarterly Estimated Revenue for Employer Firms Notes and DefinitionsINDEX