Burning Mouth Disease

Isaäc van der Waal (1943), born in The Netherlands, is an emeritus professor in Oral Pathology at the dental and medical school of the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and has been the head of the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology. He has been trained in oral surgery, oral medicine and oral pathology. and is the author or co-author of more than 400 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals. In addition, he wrote several books in the field of oral diseases. Isaäc van der Waal has over 45-years of experience with the management of patients suffering from burning mouth disease.

• Introduction: Introduction.- Terminology and Definition.- Classification.- Epidemiology. Symptoms of Burning Mouth Disease: Introduction.- Burning Sensation and Other Dysaesthesias of the Oral Mucosa.- Dry Mouth.- Taste Disturbance.- Smell Disorder.- Association with other Orofacial Pain Disorders.- Complaints Elsewhere in the Body. Suggested Causes of Burning-Mouth-Disease-Like Symptoms:.- Introduction.- Allergy to Food Substances.- Anaemia.- Blood Disorders.- Dentures or Teeth Related Causes of Burning-Mouth-Disease-Like Symptoms.- Gastrointestinal Inflammation ('Gastritis').- Hormonal Disorders.- Medication, Side Effects.- Mucosal Diseases.- Neurological Diseases.- Parafunctional Habits.- Smoking and the Use of Alcohol.- Vitmain Deficiencies. Reported Treatment of Burning Mouth Disease: Introduction.- Treatment with Drugs.- Alternative Treatments.- Treatment without Drugs.- Psychosocial Intervention; Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.- Summarizing Conclusion.Management of Burning Mouth Disease: Introduction.- Oral Examination.- Laboratory Investigations.- Dental Treatment.- The Importance of Proper Communication.- Proper Information.- Various Treatment Modalities.- Self-Care.- Psychosocial Intervention; Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.- Referral to a Specialist or a Multidisciplinary Pain Clinic.- Postscriptum.