From 19th-century trade agreements and treatments to 21st-century reparations, this volume tells the story of the federal agency that shapes and enforces U.S. policy toward Native Americans.Bureau of Indian Affairs tells the fascinating and important story of an agency that currently oversees U.S. policies affecting over 584 recognized tribes, over 326 federally reserved lands, and over 5 million Native American residents.Written by one of our foremost Native American scholars, this insider's view of the Bureau of Indian Affairs looks at the policies and the personalities that shaped its history, and by extension, nearly two centuries of government-tribal relations. Coverage includes the agency's forerunners and founding, the years of relocation and outright war, the movement to encourage Indian urbanization and assimilation, and the civil rights era surge of Indian activism. A concluding chapter looks at the modern BIA and its role in everything from land allotments and Indian boarding schools to tribal self-government, mineral rights, and the rise of the Indian gaming industry.
Donald L. Fixico is distinguished foundation professor of history and affiliate faculty in American Indian Studies at Arizona State University, Tempe.
Series ForewordIntroductionChronologyONE The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824–1849TWO The BIA in the Department of the Interior and Grant's Peace PolicyTHREE The Reform Years and the Indian ProblemFOUR Federal Boarding Schools and Indian EducationFIVE Indian Land Allotment and U.S. CitizenshipSIX John Collier and the Indian New Deal of Tribal ReorganizationSEVEN Dillon S. Myer, Termination and RelocationEIGHT Indian Self-Determination and Government to GovernmentBiographies of Key FiguresPrimary DocumentsDelaware Treaty of 1778 (Treaty of Fort Pitt)First Indian Trade and Intercourse Act 1790Indian Removal Act of 1830Worcester v. Georgia 1832Act of 1871 Abolishing Indian Treaty MakingStanding Bear v. Crook Decision 1979Dawes General Allotment Act of 1887Curtis Act 1898Winters Doctrine 1908Meriam Report 1928Indian Reorganization Act of 1934Indian Claims Commission Act of 1946House Concurrent Resolution 108Kennedy Education Report 1969Boldt Decision 1974Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 1975Cabazon Court Decision 1988Indian Gaming Regulatory Act 1988Kevin Gover Bureau of Indian Affairs Apology 2000Congressional Resolution of Apology to Native Peoples 2004Cobell v. Salazar 2009GlossaryAnnotated BibliographyAppendixIndex