Biomimetic Approaches for Biomaterials Development

Jo?o F. Mano (CEng, PhD, DSc) is an Associate Professor at the Polymer Engineering Department, University of Minho, Portugal, and principal investigator at the 3B's research group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics. He is the former director of the Master's Program in Biomedical Engineering at the University of Minho. His current research interests include the development of new materials and concepts for biomedical applications, especially aimed at being used in tissue engineering and in drug delivery systems. In particular, he has been developing biomaterials and surfaces that can react to external stimuli, or biomimetic and nanotechnology approaches to be used in the biomedical area. J.F. Mano authored more than 330 papers in international journals and three patents. He belongs to the editorial boards of 5 well-established international journals. J.F. Mano awarded the 'Stimulus to Excellence' by the Portuguese Minister for Science and Technology in 2005, the 'Materials Science and Technology Prize', attributed by the Federation of European Materials Societies in 2007 and the major 'BES innovation award' in 2010.

• Preface XVII List of Contributors XXIPart I Examples of Natural and Nature-Inspired Materials 11 Biomaterials from Marine-Origin Biopolymers 3Tiago H. Silva, Ana R.C. Duarte, Joana Moreira-Silva, Joao F. Mano, and Rui L. Reis1.1 Taking Inspiration from the Sea 31.2 Marine-Origin Biopolymers 61.3 Marine-Based Tissue Engineering Approaches 121.4 Conclusions 182 Hydrogels from Protein Engineering 25Midori Greenwood-Goodwin and Sarah C. Heilshorn2.1 Introduction 252.2 Principles of Protein Engineering 262.3 Structural Diversity and Applications of Protein-Engineered Hydrogels 322.4 Development of Biomimetic Protein-Engineered Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications 392.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective 483 Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine 55Christophe Helary and Abhay Pandit3.1 Introduction 553.2 Collagens In Vivo 563.3 Collagen In Vitro 593.4 Collagen Hydrogels 593.5 Collagen Sponges 653.6 Multichannel Collagen Scaffolds 663.7 What Tissues Do Collagen Biomaterials Mimic? (see Table 3.1) 663.8 Concluding Remarks 704 Silk-Based Biomaterials 75Silvia Gomes, Isabel B. Leonor, Joao F. Mano, Rui L. Reis, and David L. Kaplan 4.1 Introduction 754.2 Silk Proteins 764.3 Mechanical Properties 824.4 Biomedical Applications of Silk 844.5 Final Remarks 875 Elastin-like Macromolecules 93Rui R. Costa, Laura Martin, Joao F. Mano, and Jose C. Rodríguez-Cabello5.1 General Introduction 935.2 Materials Engineering – an Overview on Synthetic and Natural Biomaterials 945.3 Elastin as a Source of Inspiration for Nature-Inspired Polymers 945.4 Nature-Inspired Biosynthetic Elastins 995.5 ELRs as Advanced Materials for Biomedical Applications 1035.6 Conclusions 1106 Biomimetic Molecular Recognition Elements for Chemical Sensing 117Justyn Jaworski6.1 Introduction 1176.2 Theory of Molecular Recognition 1236.3 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers 1296.4 Supramolecular Chemistry 1346.5 Biomolecular Materials 1406.6 Summary and Future of Biomimetic-Sensor-Coating Materials 151Part II Surface Aspects 1577 Biology Lessons for Engineering Surfaces for Controlling Cell–Material Adhesion 159Ted T. Lee and André’s J. García7.1 Introduction 1597.2 The Extracellular Matrix 1597.3 Protein Structure 1607.4 Basics of Protein Adsorption 1617.5 Kinetics of Protein Adsorption 1627.6 Cell Communication 1647.7 Cell Adhesion Background 1667.8 Integrins and Adhesive Force Generation Overview 1677.9 Adhesive Interactions in Cell, and Host Responses to Biomaterials 1707.10 Model Systems for Controlling Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion 1707.11 Self-Assembling Monolayers (SAMs) 1717.12 Real-World Materials for Medical Applications 1727.13 Bio-Inspired, Adhesive Materials: New Routes to Promote Tissue Repair and Regeneration 1747.14 Dynamic Biomaterials 1768 Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis at the Cell–Material Interface 189Marco Cantini, Patricia Rico, and Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez8.1 Introduction 1898.2 Cell-Driven Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis 1898.3 Cell-Free Assembly of Fibronectin Fibrils 1958.4 Material-Driven Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis 2029 Nanoscale Control of Cell Behavior on Biointerfaces 213E. Ada Cavalcanti-Adam and Dimitris Missirlis9.1 Nanoscale Cues in Cell Environment 2139.2 Biomimetics of Cell Environment Using Interfaces 2169.3 Cell Responses to Nanostructured Materials 2279.4 The Road Ahead 233 References 23410 Surfaces with Extreme Wettability Ranges for Biomedical Applications 237Wenlong Song, Natalia M. Alves, and Joao F. Mano10.1 Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Nature 23710.2 Theory of Surface Wettability 23910.3 Fabrication of Extreme Water-Repellent Surfaces Inspired by Nature 24110.4 Applications of Surfaces with Extreme Wettability Ranges in the Biomedical Field 24510.5 Conclusions 25411 Bio-Inspired Reversible Adhesives for Dry and Wet Conditions 259Aranzazu del Campo and Juan Pedro Fernandez-Blazquez11.1 Introduction 25911.2 Gecko-Like Dry Adhesives 26011.3 Bioinspired Adhesives for Wet Conditions 26811.4 The Future of Bio-Inspired Reversible Adhesives 27012 Lessons from Sea Organisms to Produce New Biomedical Adhesives 273Elise Hennebert, Pierre Becker, and Patrick Flammang 12.1 Introduction 27312.2 Composition of Natural Adhesives 27412.3 Recombinant Adhesive Proteins 28112.4 Production of Bio-Inspired Synthetic Adhesive Polymers 28412.5 Perspectives 288Part III Hard and Mineralized Systems 29313 Interfacial Forces and Interfaces in Hard Biomaterial Mechanics 295Devendra K. Dubey and Vikas Tomar13.1 Introduction 29513.2 Hard Biological Materials 29813.4 Summary 30814 Nacre-Inspired Biomaterials 313Gisela M. Luz and Joao F. Mano14.1 Introduction 31314.2 Structure of Nacre 31614.3 Why Is Nacre So Strong? 31814.4 Strategies to Produce Nacre-Inspired Biomaterials 32014.5 Conclusions 32815 Surfaces Inducing Biomineralization 333Natalia M. Alves, Isabel B. Leonor, Helena S. Azevedo, Rui. L. Reis, and Joao. F. Mano15.1 Mineralized Structures in Nature: The Example of Bone 33315.2 Learning from Nature to the Research Laboratory 33615 Surfaces Inducing Biomineralization 333Natalia M. Alves, Isabel B. Leonor, Helena S. Azevedo, Rui. L. Reis, and Joao. F. Mano15.1 Mineralized Structures in Nature: The Example of Bone 33315.2 Learning from Nature to the Research Laboratory 33615.3 Smart Mineralizing Surfaces 34315.4 In Situ Self-Assembly on Implant Surfaces to Direct Mineralization 34515.5 Conclusions 34816 Bioactive Nanocomposites Containing Silicate Phases for Bone Replacement and Regeneration 353Melek Erol, Jasmin Hum, and Aldo R. Boccaccini16.1 Introduction 35316.2 Nanostructure and Nanofeatures of the Bone 35416.3 Nanocomposites-Containing Silicate Nanophases 35616.4 Final Considerations 372Part IV Systems for the Delivery of Bioactive Agents 38117 Biomimetic Nanostructured Apatitic Matrices for Drug Delivery 383Norberto Roveri and Michele Iafisco17.1 Introduction 38317.2 Biomimetic Apatite Nanocrystals 38417.3 Biomedical Applications of Biomimetic Nanostructured Apatites 39017.4 Biomimetic Nanostructured Apatite as Drug Delivery System 39417.5 Adsorption and Release of Proteins 40217.6 Conclusions and Perspectives18 Nanostructures and Nanostructured Networks for Smart Drug Delivery 417Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo, Ana M. Puga, and Angel Concheiro18.1 Introduction 41718.2 Stimuli-Sensitive Materials 41918.3 Stimuli-Responsive Nanostructures and Nanostructured Networks 42818.4 Concluding Remarks 44919 Progress in Dendrimer-Based Nanocarriers 459Joaquim M. Oliveira, Joao F. Mano, and Rui L. Reis19.1 Fundamentals 45919.2 Applications of Dendrimer-Based Polymers 46019.3 Final Remarks 467Part V Lessons from Nature in Regenerative Medicine 47120 Tissue Analogs by the Assembly of Engineered Hydrogel Blocks 473Shilpa Sant, Daniela F. Coutinho, Nasser Sadr, Rui L. Reis, and Ali Khademhosseini20.1 Introduction 47320.2 Tissue/Organ Heterogeneity In Vivo 47420.3 Hydrogel Engineering for Obtaining Biologically Inspired Structures 47720.4 Assembly of Engineered Hydrogel Blocks 48520.5 Conclusions 48821 Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering 495Da Yeon Kim, Jae Ho Kim, Byoung Hyun Min, and Moon Suk Kim21.1 Introduction 49521.2 Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds Formed by Electrostatic Interactions 49621.3 Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds Formed by Hydrophobic Interactions 49721.4 Immune Response of Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds 50021.5 Injectable In-Situ-Forming Scaffolds for Preclinical Regenerative Medicine 50021.6 Conclusions and Outlook 50122 Biomimetic Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine 503Iris Mironi-Harpaz, Olga Kossover, Eran Ivanir, and Dror Seliktar22.1 Introduction 503 22.2 Natural and Synthetic Hydrogels 50322.3 Hydrogel Properties 5052.4 Engineering Strategies for Hydrogel Development 50622.5 Applications in Biomedicine 50823 Bio-inspired 3D Environments for Cartilage Engineering 515Jose Luis Gomez Ribelles23.1 Articular Cartilage Histology 51523.2 Spontaneous and Forced Regeneration in Articular Cartilage 51723.3 What Can Tissue Engineering Do for Articular Cartilage Regeneration? 51723.4 Cell Sources for Cartilage Engineering 51923.5 The Role and Requirements of the Scaffolding Material 52423.6 Growth Factor Delivery In Vivo 52823.7 Conclusions 52824 Soft Constructs for Skin Tissue Engineering 537Simone S. Silva, Joao F. Mano, and Rui L. Reis24.1 Introduction 53724.2 Structure of Skin 53724.3 Current Biomaterials in Wound Healing 53924.4 Wound Dressings and Their Properties 54524.5 Biomimetic Approaches in Skin Tissue Engineering 54624.6 Final Remarks 549Acknowledgments 552List of Abbreviations 552References 553Index 559