Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil and Sediment

Jose Julio Ortega-Calvo has been a researcher at Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville, Spanish National Research Council (IRNAS-CSIC) since 1996, and has worked on the bioavailability and biodegradation of organic pollutants for the last 25 years. After completing his Ph.D. at University of Seville in 1991, he worked on different aspects of microbial ecology during postdoctoral stays at the University of Amsterdam (UvA, The Netherlands) and Cornell University (USA). Dr. Ortega was the President in Europe of the Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC Europe) in 2016/2017. He is a member of the Stakeholder Bureau of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), member of the External Science Advisory Panel (ESAP) of the Long Range Research Initiative at the European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC-LRI), and Associate Editor of Science of the Total Environment journal.John Robert Parsons completed his PhD on the biodegradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds at the University of Amsterdam (UvA) under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Otto Hutzinger. He currently works at the Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics at the same university. His research focuses on the environmental behaviour of organic contaminants and how they interact with natural biogeochemical processes, particularly the fate of organic pollutants or contaminants in the environment and how they interact with organic matter (sorption) and with microbial communities (biodegradation), and the relationships between these interactions (bioavailability).

• Introduction Setting of the Scene, Definitions, and Guide to Volume.- Impacts of soil properties and processes on bioavailability or organic compounds.- Sorption of Polar and Ionogenic Organic Chemicals.- Environmental fate assessment of chemicals and the formation of biogenic non-extractable residues (bioNER).- Impact of Sorption to Dissolved Organic Matter on the Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals.- Measuring and Modelling the Plant Uptake and Accumulation of Synthetic Organic Chemicals: With a Focus on Pesticides and Root Uptake.- Bioaccumulation and toxicity of organic chemicals in terrestrial invertebrates.- Assessment of the Oral Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Humans.- Carbon amendments and remediation of contaminated sediments.- Why biodegradable chemicals persist in the environment? A look at bioavailability.- Bioavailability as a Microbial System Property: Lessons Learned from Biodegradation in the Mycosphere.- Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Soil and Associated Desorption-Based Measurements.- Passive Sampling for Determination of the Dissolved Concentrations and Chemical Activities of Organic Contaminants in Soil and Sediment Pore Waters.- Microbial, Plant, and Invertebrate Test Methods in Regulatory Soil Ecotoxicology.- Implementation of Bioavailability in Prospective and Retrospective Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Soils and Sediments.- Concluding remarks and research needs.