Beyond Legal Minds

William Allen Brant, Ph.D. (2011), Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, is co-founder and director of Ethical Conflict Consulting, a nonprofit organization that solves work-related problems with professional ethics. He is a martial artist, traveler and musician.

• AcknowledgementsList of FiguresIntroduction1 Relations of law1 Understanding the Social Importance of Legal Systems2 Legal Systems as Crucial Parts of Real Statehood and Theoretic Minimal States3 Sociological Imaginations and Dangerous Legal Ideologies4 Mass Media Broadcasts of Social Events: Security with Systems2 Incomprehensiveness of Just Legality and Illegality1 Ideological Confusion about Legal Systems Disregarding Alegality and Fraud2 Comparative Legal Studies: Western Influences on Islamic Systems3 The Concept of Alegality for Comparative Legal Studies and Rights4Ideologies without Concepts of Alegality May Fail to Conceive of Indifference5 The Logical Structure of Legalization: Gradations of Legality6The Significance of Mental States and Ideology7 Intersubjectivity: Nationhood, Law, Politics, and Economics8 Ideologies: Legality, Alegality, and Illegality, Despite Social Acceptability3 Levels of Analyses of Law and Methods1 Integrative Levels: Classification Systems for Knowledge Organization and Law2 Methodological Concerns Regarding Legal Research3 Autobiographical, Biographical, and Historical and Sociological Ways of Thinking about Law4 Psychological Levels of Analysis: Situations of Law Enforcement5 Sociological Levels of Analysis: Legal Systems as Changing Sets of Communications6 Chemical and Neurobiological Levels of Analysis: Aspects of Law7 Logical Levels of Analysis: Philosophy of Law8 Historical Levels of Analysis: Philosophy of Law9 History of Philosophy and History of Philosophy of Law: System and Problem-thinking10 Dual Roles of Historical Occurrences11 Comedic Levels of Analysis of Law: Laughableness, Booing, and Applause12 Measurements and Observations Concerning the Comedic Level of Analysis of Law4 Psychosociological Relations of Law1 Leadership Characterizes Successful Terrorizers as “Cowards”: Upsides and Downsides2 Ways and Reasons of Propagandizing for the Retaliatory Society: Brave Heroes versus Villainous Cowards3 Real Phenomena: Energy as Legal, Alegal and Illegal Forms of Power4 Soft Power and Hard Power5 Psychosociological Analyses Concerning Law: Reasons for Greater Fears6 Moral Psychology: Problems Concerning Models’ Combinations of Multi-Leveled Observations7 Introduction to Moral Psychology8 Social Intuitionism’s Role in Moral Psychology9 Moral Judgment and Action Requires Attention, Intention, Memory Capacity, and “Being in Control”10 Virtue Ethics and Consequentialism11 Duty Ethics: Deontology12 The Social Intuitionist Model Describes “Out-of-Control” Moral Decisions13 Disbelief in Free Will and Dangers and Influences of Social Intuitionist Models May Reduce Feelings of Moral Responsibility5 Comprehensive Conceptions of Possibility: Legal Theory1 Modal Theory and Possibility Theory: Social Implications2 Presumptions Concerning the Critique of the Concepts of Possibility3 Inclusive Disjunctive Possibility: Possibility as an Indifferent, Abstract, and Broad Conception4 Possibility and Impossibility in relation to Logicality, Physicality, and Law5 An Application of the Concepts of Physicality, Logicality, and Modalities for Courts of Law6 Coincidence as Inessentiality or Accidence: Abstract Concepts and Particulars7 The Starting Point of Legal Studies: Reality’s Givenness, Theoretic Doubt of the Real World, and Theoretic Consideration of Multiple Possible Worlds8 The Concept of Metaphysical Possibility: Inclusive Disjunction and Possibility Concerning Metaphysic Content9 Real Possibility: Requiring Real Fulfillment and More Exclusive Disjunctions10 Contradictoriness for Real Possibility and Logical Possibility: Exclusive and Inclusive Disjunction and Legal Maxims11 Real Possibility: Supporting Arguments, Historic Origins and Law12 Recollective Possibility: Expectation and Recognition of the (Un)Real via Possibilistic rather than Probabilistic Cognitions and Knowledge13 Methodological Problems for the Conceptions of Possibility14 Synopsis and Future Directions of Research: Possibility Theory for Law6 The F-Problem1 The Economic Problem, the F-Problem, and Human Overpopulation2 Legal Encouragement and Discouragement of Fertilization and Corporate Impacts on the Planet3 The F-problem, Eugenics, and Misconceptions about Human Sexual Reproduction4 Violence Directed toward Intersexuals, Transsexuals, and Non-heterosexuals as a Form of Social Dominance5 Opposing Concepts of Human Generation: Importance of Adolescent Pregnancies6 Increasing the Number of Competitors for Resources Increases Amounts of Competition7 Victimizations and Contributing to the Disorganizations of Societal Systems8 Relations of the F-Problem to Victimization as a Form of Theft9 War as an F-Problem and Peace: Sexual Selection and Rites10 Conclusion Bibliography