Basic Income

Karl Widerquist is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at SFS-Qatar, Georgetown University. He holds a doctorate in political theory from Oxford University (2006) and a doctorate in economics from the City University of New York (1996). He is the author of Independence, Propertylessness, and Basic Income: A Theory of Freedom as the Power to Say No (2013). He is co-author of Economics for Social Workers (2002) and co-editor of Alaska’s Permanent Fund Dividend: Examining its Suitability as a Model (2012) and Exporting the Alaska Model: Adapting the Permanent Fund Dividend for Reform Around the World (2012). José A. Noguera is an Associate Professor at the Department of Sociology of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, and director of the Analytical Sociology and Institutional Design Research Group (GSADI). He holds a PhD in sociology from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and has been a visiting researcher at the University of California, Berkeley and at the London School of Economics and Political Science. His research covers sociological theory, philosophy of social science, social policy, as well as normative social theory, and has been published in journals such as Social Science Information, Basic Income Studies, South European Society & Politics, Travailler, Papers, or Revista Internacional de Sociología. He is a member of the European Network of Analytical Sociologists, and serves on the International Advisory Board of the BIEN (Basic Income Earth Network). He is co-editor of Papers. Revista de Sociologia, and editorial board member of Basic Income Studies.Yannick Vanderborght is Professor of Political Science at the Université Saint-Louis Brussels, where he currently directs the Research Centre in Political Science (CReSPo). He is also a member of the Hoover Chair (Louvain), of the Executive Committee of the Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN), and an associate editor of Basic Income Studies. He co-authored with Ph. Van Parijs L'allocation universelle (2005), and has published several articles on basic income and related issues. He is the co-editor (with Axel Gosseries) of Arguing about justice: Essays for Philippe Van Parijs (2011).Jurgen De Wispelaere is an MHERC Research Fellow at the Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Canada. Previously he taught at Trinity College Dublin and University College Dublin. His published work on basic income has appeared in Analyse und Kritik, The Political Quarterly, Social Services Review, Policy and Politics, International Social Security Review, Politics and Political Studies. He is a founding editor of the journal Basic Income Studies and co-editor of The Ethics of Stakeholding (2003) and Recognition, Equality and Democracy (2007). He is currently completing a book on Republicanism, co-authored by Simon Birnbaum and David Casassas.

• About the Editors xi Introduction: The Idea of an Unconditional Income for Everyone xiiiKarl Widerquist, Yannick Vanderborght, José A. Noguera, and Jurgen De WispelaerePart I: Freedom 1Introduction: Freedom and Basic Income 2Karl Widerquist1. The Psychological Aspects of the Guaranteed Income 5Erich Fromm2. The Case for a Negative Income Tax: A View from the Right 11Milton Friedman3. Why Surfers Should Be Fed: The Crazy-Lazy Challenge 17Philippe Van Parijs4. Optional Freedoms 23Elizabeth Anderson5. A Republican Right to Basic Income 26Philip Pettit6. Why We Demand a Basic Income 32Karl WiderquistPart II: Justice 39Introduction: Theories of Justice and Basic Income 40Karl Widerquist7. Left-libertarianism and a Global Rent Payment 43Nicolaus Tideman and Peter Vallentyne8. Guaranteed Income as a Replacement for the Welfare State 49Charles Murray9. A Capitalist Road to Communism 52Robert van der Veen and Philippe Van Parijs10. Why Marxists and Socialists Should Favor Basic Income 55Michael Howard11. Basic Income and the Common Good 62Bill Jordan12. Associations and Basic Income 72Bill JordanPart III: Reciprocity and Exploitation 79Introduction: Reciprocity and Exploitation 80Karl Widerquist13. Brief Comments on Leisure Time 85John Rawls14. Liberal Equality, Exploitation, and the Case for an Unconditional Basic Income 87Stuart White15. Clamshell Rents? How Resource Equality Causes Exploitation 93Gijs Van Donselaar16. Basic Income and the Work Ethic 101Brian Barry17. Fairness to Idleness: Is There a Right Not to Work? 105Andrew Levine18. Basic Income, Self-respect, and Reciprocity 114Catriona McKinnon19. Reciprocity and the Guaranteed Income 123Karl Widerquist20. The Morality of the Universal Grant Versus the Ethics of Paid Work 134Robert van der VeenPart IV: Feminism 141Introduction: The Feminist Response to Basic Income 142Yannick Vanderborght and Karl Widerquist21. Is One Man’s Ceiling Another Woman’s Floor? 145Ann Withorn22. Why Basic Income does not Promote Gender Equality 149Ann S. Orloff23. A Gender Analysis of Basic Income 153Ingrid Robeyns24. A Basic Income for Feminists? 163Tony Fitzpatrick25. Free-riding and the Household 173Carole Pateman26. Promoting Gender Equity Through a Basic Income 178Ailsa McKay27. Good for Women 186Anne AlstottPart V: Economics 189Introduction: The Economics of Basic Income 190Karl Widerquist, José A. Noguera, and Yannick Vanderborght28. The Case for an Income Guarantee 195James Tobin29. What Can We Learn from the Agathotopians? 200James Meade30. Basic Income and Effi ciency 205Philippe Van Parijs31. Basic Income as a Basis for Small Business 210Bart Nooteboom32. What (If Anything) Can We Learn from the Negative Income Tax Experiments? 216Karl Widerquist33. Efficiency and Participation: The Basic Income Approach 230Bill Jordan34. Subsidize Wages 235Edmund Phelps35. Universal Basic Income and the Flat Tax 240Herbert A. Simon36. Democracy and General Welfare 242James M. Buchanan37. Basic Income and Social Power 246Koen Raes38. Cost Estimates for a Basic Income in the United States 255Charles M.A. ClarkPart VI: Post-productivism 259Introduction: Basic Income as a Post-productivist Policy 260José A. Noguera and Karl Widerquist39. Ecologism and Basic Income 263Tony Fitzpatrick40. A Green Case for Basic Income? 269Philippe Van Parijs41. A Non-productivist Design for Social Policies 275Claus Offe42. A Post-productivist Welfare Regime 283Robert E. Goodin43. Demoralizing the Labor Market: Could Jobs be Like Cars and Concerts? 289Bert Hamminga44. Beyond the Wage-based Society 297André Gorz45. The Relevance of Basic Income for Post-industrial Economies 307Fred BlockPart VII: Implementation 311Introduction: The Implementation of Basic Income 312Karl Widerquist, José A. Noguera, Yannick Vanderborght, and Jurgen De Wispelaere46. The Shadow of Speenhamland 315Fred Block and Margaret Somers47. The Stability of Basic Income 331Jos de Beus48. Basic Income and the Welfare State 339Samuel Brittan49. Basic Income and Contributory Pensions 346José A. Noguera50. Basic Income as a Minimally Presumptuous Social Welfare Policy 351Robert E. Goodin51. The Basic Income Guarantee as an Exit Option 357Joel Handler and Amanda Sheely Babcock52. Practical Bottlenecks in the Implementation of a Universal Basic Income 360Jurgen De Wispelaere and Lindsay StirtonPart VIII: Institutions 369Introduction: Institutional Versions and Cognates of Basic Income 370José A. Noguera53. A Global Resources Dividend 375Thomas W. Pogge54. From Euro-Stipendium to Euro-Dividend 392Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick Vanderborght55. Negative Income Tax: The Original Idea 398Milton Friedman56. The Case for a Progressive Negative Income Tax 402Fred Block and Jeff Manza57. Stakeholding versus Basic Income 417Bruce Ackerman and Anne Alstott58. Reciprocity-sensitive Forms of Basic Income 429Stuart White59. Participation Income 435Anthony B. Atkinson60. The Trilemma of Participation Income 439Jurgen De Wispelaere and Lindsay Stirton61. Sabbatical Grants 447Claus Offe and Johan de Deken62. A Uniform Refundable Tax Credit 453Lily L. Batchelder, Fred T. Goldberg Jr., and Peter R. Orszag63. A Household Basic Income 461Luis Sanzo and Rafael Pinilla64. A Coming-of-Age Grant versus a Community Capital Grant 464Guy StandingPart IX: Politics 471Introduction: Politics 472Yannick Vanderborght, José A. Noguera, and Karl Widerquist65. Political Strategies for Basic Income 477David Purdy66. The Lack of Political Support for an Income by Right 485Bill Cavala and Aaron Wildavsky67. The Ambiguities of Basic Income from a Trade Union Perspective 497Yannick Vanderborght68. Basic Income and Social Europe 509Fritz Scharpf69. Is Basic Income Politically Feasible in a Social Europe? 516Philippe Van Parijs70. Basic Income in the South 523Philippe Van Parijs71. How Cash Transfers Promote the Case for Basic Income 527Guy Standing72. Basic Income and the New Class Struggle 548Philippe Van Parijs73. A “Package Solution” for Basic Income 555Claus Offe, Ulrich Mückenberger and Ilona Ostner74. Pathways from Here 560Claus OffeIndex 564