EDWARD P.M.GARDENER is Professor of Banking and Finance, Co-Director (with Professor Philip Molyneux) of the Institute of European Finance and Head of the School of Business and Regional Development at the University of Wales, Bangor. Recent publications include (co-author) Efficiency in European Banking, Investment Banking: Theory and Practice, European Savings Banks: Coming of Age? and Strategic Challenges in European Banking. - PETER C. VERSLUIJS is Training and Development Consultant for ABNAMRO bank in the Netherlands. Prior to this appointment he was Head of the International Department at the Amsterdam Academy.