Balanced Microwave Filters

Ferran Martín, IEEE Fellow, is a Full Professor of Electronics at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain. Lei Zhu, IEEE Fellow, is a Full Professor in the Faculty of Science and Technology at the University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. Jiasheng Hong, IEEE Fellow, is a Full Professor in the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. Francisco Medina, IEEE Fellow, is a Full Professor of Electromagnetism at Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

• LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xixPREFACE xxiiiPART 1 INTRODUCTION 11 INTRODUCTION TO BALANCED TRANSMISSION LINES, CIRCUITS, AND NETWORKS 3Ferran Martín, Jordi Naqui, Francisco Medina, Lei Zhu, and Jiasheng Hong1.1 Introduction 31.2 Balanced Versus Single-Ended Transmission Lines and Circuits 41.3 Common-Mode Noise 51.4 Fundamentals of Differential Transmission Lines 61.4.1 Topology 61.4.2 Propagating Modes 81.4.2.1 Even and Odd Mode 81.4.2.2 Common and Differential Mode 111.5 Scattering Parameters 131.5.1 Single-Ended S-Parameters 131.5.2 Mixed-Mode S-Parameters 161.6 Summary 19References 19PART 2 BALANCED TRANSMISSION LINES WITH COMMON-MODE NOISE SUPPRESSION 212 STRATEGIES FOR COMMON-MODE SUPPRESSION IN BALANCED LINES 23Ferran Martín, Paris Vélez, Armando Fernández-Prieto, Jordi Naqui, Francisco Medina, and Jiasheng Hong2.1 Introduction 232.2 Selective Mode Suppression in Differential Transmission Lines 252.3 Common-Mode Suppression Filters Based on Patterned Ground Planes 272.3.1 Common-Mode Filter Based on Dumbbell-Shaped Patterned Ground Plane 272.3.2 Common-Mode Filter Based on Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) 302.3.3 Common-Mode Filter Based on Defected Ground Plane Artificial Line 402.3.4 Common-Mode Filter Based on C-Shaped Patterned Ground Structures 442.4 Common-Mode Suppression Filters Based on Electromagnetic Bandgaps (EBGs) 492.4.1 Common-Mode Filter Based on Nonuniform Coupled Lines 502.4.2 Common-Mode Filter Based on Uniplanar Compact Photonic Bandgap (UC-PBG) Structure 552.5 Other Approaches for Common-Mode Suppression 552.6 Comparison of Common-Mode Filters 602.7 Summary 61Appendix 2.A: Dispersion Relation for Common-Mode Rejection Filters with Coupled CSRRs or DS-CSRRs 61Appendix 2.B: Dispersion Relation for Common-Mode Rejection Filters with Coupled Patches Grounded through Inductive Strips 64References 653 COUPLED-RESONATOR BALANCED BANDPASS FILTERS WITH COMMON-MODE SUPPRESSION DIFFERENTIAL LINES 73Armando Fernández-Prieto, Jordi Naqui, Jesús Martel, Ferran Martín, and Francisco Medina3.1 Introduction 733.2 Balanced Coupled-Resonator Filters 743.2.1 Single-Band Balanced Bandpass Filter Based on Folded Stepped-Impedance Resonators 753.2.2 Balanced Filter Loaded with Common-Mode Rejection Sections 793.2.3 Balanced Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Loaded with Common-Mode Rejection Sections 823.3 Summary 88References 88PART 3 WIDEBAND AND ULTRA-WIDEBAND (UWB) BALANCED BAND PASS FILTERS WITH INTRINSIC COMMON-MODE SUPPRESSION 914 WIDEBAND AND UWB BALANCED BANDPASS FILTERS BASED ON BRANCH-LINE TOPOLOGY 93Teck Beng Lim and Lei Zhu4.1 Introduction 934.2 Branch-Line Balanced Wideband Bandpass Filter 974.3 Balanced Bandpass Filter for UWB Application 1054.4 Balanced Wideband Bandpass Filter with Good Common-Mode Suppression 1114.5 Highly Selective Balanced Wideband Bandpass Filters 1164.6 Summary 131References 1315 WIDEBAND AND UWB COMMON-MODE SUPPRESSED DIFFERENTIAL-MODE FILTERS BASED ON COUPLED LINE SECTIONS 135Qing-Xin Chu, Shi-Xuan Zhang, and Fu-Chang Chen5.1 Balanced UWB Filter by Combining UWB BPF with UWB BSF 1355.2 Balanced Wideband Bandpass Filter Using Coupled Line Stubs 1425.3 Balanced Wideband Filter Using Internal Cross-Coupling 1485.4 Balanced Wideband Filter Using Stub-Loaded Ring Resonator 1555.5 Balanced Wideband Filter Using Modified Coupled Feed Lines and Coupled Line Stubs 1615.6 Summary 173References 1746 WIDEBAND DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUITS USING T-SHAPED STRUCTURES AND RING RESONATORS 177Wenquan Che and Wenjie Feng6.1 Introduction 1776.2 Wideband Differential Bandpass Filters Using T-Shaped Resonators 1796.2.1 Mixed-Mode S-Parameters for Four-Port Balanced Circuits 1796.2.2 T-Shaped Structures with Open/Shorted Stubs 1846.2.2.1 T-Shaped Structure with Shorted Stubs 1846.2.2.2 T-Shaped Structure with Open Stubs 1856.2.3 Wideband Bandpass Filters without Cross Coupling 1876.2.3.1 Differential-Mode Excitation 1896.2.3.2 Common-Mode Excitation 1916.2.4 Wideband Bandpass Filter with Cross Coupling 1936.3 Wideband Differential Bandpass Filters Using Half-/Full-Wavelength Ring Resonators 2016.3.1 Differential Filter Using Half-Wavelength Ring Resonators 2016.3.2 Differential Filter Using Full-Wavelength Ring Resonators 2066.3.3 Differential Filter Using Open/Shorted Coupled Lines 2156.3.4 Comparisons of Several Wideband Balanced Filters Based on Different Techniques 2206.4 Wideband Differential Networks Using Marchand Balun 2236.4.1 S-Parameter for Six-Port Differential Network 2236.4.2 Wideband In-Phase Differential Network 2276.4.3 Wideband Out-of-Phase Differential Network 2366.5 Summary 244References 2457 UWB AND NOTCHED-BAND UWB DIFFERENTIAL FILTERS USING MULTILAYER AND DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURES (DGSS) 249Jian-Xin Chen, Li-Heng Zhou, and Quan Xue7.1 Conventional Multilayer Microstrip-to-Slotline Transition (MST) 2507.2 Differential MST 2517.2.1 Differential MST with a Two-Layer Structure 2517.2.2 Differential MST with Three-Layer Structure 2527.3 UWB Differential Filters Based on the MST 2537.3.1 Differential Wideband Filters Based on the Conventional MST 2537.3.2 Differential Wideband Filters Based on the Differential MST 2557.4 Differential Wideband Filters Based on the Strip-Loaded Slotline Resonator 2627.4.1 Differential Wideband Filters Using Triple-Mode Slotline Resonator 2657.4.2 Differential Wideband Filters Using Quadruple-Mode Slotline Resonator 2677.5 UWB Differential Notched-Band Filter 2707.5.1 UWB Differential Notched-Band Filter Based on the Traditional MST 2707.5.2 UWB Differential Notched-Band Filter Based on the Differential MST 2727.6 Differential UWB Filters with Enhanced Stopband Suppression 2777.7 Summary 280References 2818 APPLICATION OF SIGNAL INTERFERENCE TECHNIQUE TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WIDEBAND DIFFERENTIAL FILTERS 283Wei Qin and Quan Xue8.1 Basic Concept of the Signal Interference Technique 2838.1.1 Fundamental Theory 2848.1.2 One Filter Example Based on Ring Resonator 2878.1.3 Simplified Circuit Model 2888.2 Signal Interference Technique for Wideband Differential Filters 2908.2.1 Circuit Model of Wideband Differential Bandpass Filter 2908.2.2 S-Matrix for Differential Bandpass Filters 2928.3 Several Designs of Wideband Differential Bandpass Filters 2938.3.1 Differential Bandpass Filter Based on Wideband Marchand Baluns 2938.3.2 Differential Bandpass Filter Based on π-Type UWB 180 Phase Shifters 2998.3.3 Differential Bandpass Filter Based on DSPSL UWB 180 Phase Inverter 3028.3.3.1 Differential-Mode Analysis 3058.3.3.2 Common-Mode Analysis 3058.3.3.3 Filter Design and Measurement 3088.4 Summary 308References 3099 WIDEBAND BALANCED FILTERS BASED ON MULTI-SECTION MIRRORED STEPPED IMPEDANCE RESONATORS (SIRs) 311 Ferran Martín, Jordi Selga, Paris Vélez, Marc Sans, Jordi Bonache, Ana Rodríguez, Vicente E. Boria, Armando Fernández-Prieto, and Francisco Medina 9.1 Introduction 3119.2 The Multi-Section Mirrored Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR) 3129.3 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on7-Section Mirrored SIRs Coupled Through Admittance Inverters 3179.3.1 Finding the Optimum Filter Schematic 3199.3.2 Layout Synthesis 3259.3.2.1 Resonator Synthesis 3259.3.2.2 Determination of the Line Width 3279.3.2.3 Optimization of the Line Length (Filter Cell Synthesis) 3279.3.3 A Seventh-Order Filter Example 3309.3.4 Comparison with Other Approaches 3349.4 Compact Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on 5-Section Mirrored SIRs and Patch Capacitors 3369.4.1 Topology and Circuit Model of the Series Resonators 3379.4.2 Filter Design 3419.4.3 Comparison with Other Approaches 3459.5 Summary 346Appendix 9.A: General Formulation of Aggressive Space Mapping (ASM) 347References 34910 METAMATERIAL-INSPIRED BALANCED FILTERS 353Ferran Martín, Paris Vélez, Ali Karami-Horestani, Francisco Medina, and Christophe Fumeaux10.1 Introduction 35310.2 Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on Open Split Ring ResonatorS (OSRRS) and Open Complementary Split Ring Resonators (OCSRRS) 35410.2.1 Topology of the OSRR and OCSRR 35410.2.2 Filter Design and Illustrative Example 35610.3 Balanced Filters Based on S-Shaped Complementary Split Ring Resonators (S-CSRRs) 36310.3.1 Principle for Balanced Bandpass Filter Design and Modeling 36510.3.2 Illustrative Example 36710.4 Summary 369References 36911 WIDEBAND BALANCED FILTERS ON SLOTLINE RESONATOR WITH INTRINSIC COMMON-MODE REJECTION 373Xin Guo, Lei Zhu, and Wen Wu11.1 Introduction 37311.2 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filter on Slotline MMR 37511.2.1 Working Mechanism 37511.2.2 Synthesis Method 37811.2.3 Geometry and Layout 38211.2.4 Fabrication and Experimental Verification 38811.3 Wideband Balanced BPF on Strip-Loaded Slotline Resonator 39211.3.1 Strip-Loaded Slotline Resonator 39211.3.2 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filters 39611.3.2.1 Wideband Balanced BPF on Strip-Loaded Triple-Mode Slotline Resonator 39711.3.2.2 Wideband Balanced BPF on Strip-Loaded Quadruple-Mode Slotline Resonator 40311.4 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filter on Hybrid MMR 40811.4.1 Hybrid MMR 40811.4.2 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filters 41611.5 Summary 420References 420PART 4 NARROWBAND AND DUAL-BAND BALANCED BANDPASS FILTERS WITH INTRINSIC COMMON-MODE SUPPRESSION 42312 NARROWBAND COUPLED-RESONATOR BALANCED BANDPASS FILTERS AND DIPLEXERS 425Armando Fernández-Prieto, Francisco Medina, and Jesús Martel12.1 Introduction 42512.2 Coupled-Resonator Balanced Filters with Intrinsic Common-Mode Rejection 42612.2.1 Loop and SIR Resonator Filters with Mixed Coupling 42712.2.1.1 Quasi-elliptic Response BPF: First Example 42812.2.1.2 Quasi-elliptic Response BPF: Second Example 43412.2.2 Magnetically Coupled Open-Loop and FSIR Balanced Filters 43912.2.2.1 Filters with Magnetic Coupling: First Example 43912.2.2.2 Filters with Magnetic Coupling: Second Example 44712.2.3 Interdigital Line Resonators Filters 44912.2.3.1 ILR Filter Design Example 45012.2.4 Dual-Mode and Dual-Behavior Resonators for Balanced Filter Design 45112.2.4.1 Dual-Mode Square Patch Resonator Filters 45312.2.4.2 Filters Based on Dual-Behavior Resonators 45812.2.5 LTCC-Based Multilayer Balanced Filter 46412.2.6 Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on Dielectric Resonators 46612.3 Loaded Resonators for Common-Mode Suppression Improvement 46912.3.1 Capacitively, Inductively, and Resistively Center-Loaded Resonators 47012.3.1.1 Open-Loop UIR-Loaded Filter 47012.3.1.2 Folded SIR Loaded Filter 47612.3.2 Filters with Defected Ground Structures (DGS) 48412.3.2.1 Control of the Transmission Zeros 48812.3.3 Multilayer Loaded Resonators 49012.3.3.1 Design Example 49212.4 Coupled Line Balanced Bandpass Filter 49312.4.1 Type-II Design Example 49512.5 Balanced Diplexers 49912.5.1 Unbalanced-to-Balanced Diplexer Based on Uniform Impedance Stub-Loaded Coupled Resonators 50012.5.1.1 Resonator Geometry 50012.5.1.2 Unbalanced-to-Balanced Diplexer Design 50212.5.2 Example Two: Balanced-to-Balanced Diplexer Based on UIRs and Short-Ended Parallel-Coupled Lines 50512.6 Summary 508References 51013 DUAL-BAND BALANCED FILTERS BASED ON LOADED AND COUPLED RESONATORS 515Jin Shi and Quan Xue13.1 Dual-Band Balanced Filter with Loaded Uniform Impedance Resonators 51613.1.1 Center-Loaded Uniform Impedance Resonator 51613.1.2 Dual-Band Balanced Filter Using the Uniform Impedance Resonator with Center-Loaded Lumped Elements 52013.1.3 Dual-Band Balanced Filter Using Stub-Loaded Uniform Impedance Resonators 52613.2 Dual-Band Balanced Filter with Loaded Stepped-Impedance Resonators 52813.2.1 Center-Loaded Stepped-Impedance Resonator 52813.2.2 Dual-Band Balanced Filter Using Stepped-Impedance Resonators with Center-Loaded Lumped Elements 53113.2.3 Dual-Band Balanced Filter Using Stub-Loaded Stepped-Impedance Resonators 53513.3 Dual-Band Balanced Filter Based on Coupled Resonators 53813.3.1 Dual-Band Balanced Filter with Coupled Stepped-Impedance Resonators 53813.3.2 Dual-Band Balanced Filter with Coupled Stub-Loaded Short-Ended Resonators 54213.4 Summary 546References 54714 DUAL-BAND BALANCED FILTERS IMPLEMENTED IN SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE (SIW) TECHNOLOGY 549Wen Wu, Jianpeng Wang, and Chunxia Zhou14.1 Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cavity 55014.2 Closely Proximate Dual-Band Balanced Filter Design 55114.3 Dual-Band Balanced Filter Design Utilizing High-Order Modes in SIW Cavities 55514.4 Summary 563References 563PART 5 OTHER BALANCED CIRCUITS 56515 BALANCED POWER DIVIDERS/COMBINERS 567Lin-Sheng Wu, Bin Xia, and Jun-Fa Mao15.1 Introduction 56715.2 Balanced-to-Balanced Wilkinson Power Divider with Microstrip Line 56915.2.1 Mixed-Mode Analysis 56915.2.1.1 Mixed-Mode Scattering Matrix of a Balanced-to-Balanced Power Divider 56915.2.1.2 Constraint Rules of Balanced-to-Balanced Power Divider 57115.2.1.3 Odd- and Even-Mode Scattering Matrices of Balanced-to-Balanced Power Divider 57215.2.2 A Transmission-Line Balanced-to-Balanced Power Divider 57215.2.2.1 Even-Mode Circuit Model 57215.2.2.2 Odd-Mode Circuit Model 57315.2.2.3 Scattering Matrix of the Balanced-to-Balanced Power Divider 57515.2.3 Theoretical Result 57515.2.4 Simulated and Measured Results 57615.3 Balanced-to-Balanced Gysel Power Divider with Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) 58015.3.1 Conversion from Single-Ended Circuit to Balanced Form 58015.3.2 Half-Mode SIW Ring Structure 58115.3.3 Results and Discussion 58315.4 Balanced-to-Balanced Gysel Power Divider with Arbitrary Power Division 58515.4.1 Analysis and Design 58515.4.2 Results and Discussion 58715.5 Balanced-to-Balanced Gysel Power Divider with Bandpass Filtering Response 59015.5.1 Coupled-Resonator Circuit Model 59015.5.2 Realization in Transmission Lines 59115.5.2.1 Internal Coupling Coefficient 59215.5.2.2 External Q Factor 59415.5.3 Results and Discussion 59515.6 Filtering Balanced-to-Balanced Power Divider with Unequal Power Division 59815.7 Dual-Band Balanced-to-Balanced Power Divider 59915.7.1 Analysis and Design 59915.7.2 Results and Discussion 60115.8 Summary 603References 60316 DIFFERENTIAL-MODE EQUALIZERS WITH COMMON-MODE FILTERING 607Tzong-Lin Wu and Chiu-Chih Chou16.1 Introduction 60716.2 Design Considerations 61016.2.1 Equalizer Design 61016.2.2 Common-Mode Filter Design 61216.3 First Design 61316.3.1 Proposed Topology 61316.3.2 Odd-Mode Analysis 61616.3.2.1 Equalizer Optimization in Time Domain 61716.3.3 Even-Mode Analysis 62316.3.4 Measurement Validation 62816.4 Second Design 63316.4.1 Proposed Circuit and Analysis 63316.4.2 Realization and Measurement 63716.4.2.1 Realization 63716.4.2.2 Common-Mode Noise Suppression 63816.4.2.3 Differential-Mode Equalization 64016.5 Summary 641References 641INDEX 645