Atlas of Developmental Field Anomalies of the Human Skeleton

A Paleopathology Perspective

Inbunden, Engelska, 2012

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Written by one of the most consulted authorities on the subject, Atlas of Developmental Field Anomalies of the Human Skeleton is the pre-eminent resource for developmental defects of the skeleton. This guide focuses on localized bone structures utilizing the morphogenetic approach that addresses the origins of variability within specific developmental fields during embryonic development. Drawings and photographs make up most of the text, forming a picture atlas with descriptive text for each group of illustrations. Each section and subdivision is accompanied by brief discussions and drawings of morphogenetic development.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2012-12-07
Mått221 x 287 x 15 mm
Vikt885 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor232
FörlagJohn Wiley and Sons Ltd
ISBN9781118013885

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Preface xvList of Figures xviiINTRODUCTION 1PART I. AXIAL SKELETON 7A. SKULL 9A-1. CRANIAL VAULT DEVELOPMENT 9CRANIAL VAULT ANOMALIES 10A-1.1. Extra Ossicles 10A-1.2. Extra Sutures 11A-1.3. Sutural Agenesis 11A-1.4. Parietal Thinning 11A-1.5. Enlarged Parietal Foramina 11A-1.6. Inclusion Cysts 11A-1.7. Cranial Neural Tube Defects 19A-1.8. Hydrocephaly 20A-1.9. Microcephaly 21A-2. FACE DEVELOPMENT 21FACIAL ANOMALIES 24A-2.1. Facial Clefts 24A-2.2. Nasal Bone Hypoplasia/Aplasia 25A-2.3.1. Cleft Lip 25A-2.3.2. Cleft Lip with Cleft Palate 26A-2.4. Cleft Palate 32A-2.5. Cleft Mandible 32A-2.6. Mandibular Hypoplasia 32A-2.7. Bifid Mandibular Condyle 32A-2.8. Coronoid Hyperplasia 35A-2.9. Palate Inclusion (Fissural) Cyst 35A-2.10. Mandibular Inclusion Cyst 37A-2.11. Mandibular Torus 37A-3. EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS AND TYMPANIC PLATE DEVELOPMENT 37EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS AND TYMPANIC PLATE ANOMALIES 42A-3.1. Atresia (Aplasia)/Hypoplasia External Auditory Meatus 42A-3.2. Tympanic Aperture 42A-3.3. External Auditory Torus 42A-4. STYLOHYOID CHAIN DEVELOPMENT 43STYLOHYOID CHAIN ANOMALIES 43A-4.1. Stylohyoid Chain Variations in Ossification 43A-4.2. Thyroglossal Developmental Cyst 46A-5. SKULL BASE DEVELOPMENT 49SKULL BASE ANOMALIES 50A-5.1. Basioccipital Hypoplasia/Aplasia 50A-5.2. Basioccipital Clefts 50OCCIPITAL–CERVICAL (O-C) BORDER DEVELOPMENT 50A-5.3. Cranial Shifting of the O-C Border 50A-5.4. Caudal Shifting of the O-C Border 55B. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 59VERTEBRAL COLUMN DEVELOPMENT 59VERTEBRAL COLUMN ANOMALIES 61B-1. Vertebral Border Shifting 61B-1.1. Cranial Shifts of the Cervical–Thoracic (C-T) Border 61B-1.2. Caudal Shifts of the C-T Border 61B-1.3. Cranial Shifts of the Thoracic–Lumbar (T-L) Border 61B-1.4. Caudal Shifts of the T-L Border 65B-1.5. Cranial Shifts of the Lumbar–Sacral (L-S) Border 65B-1.6. Caudal Shifts of the L-S Border 68B-1.7. Cranial Shifts of the Sacral–Caudal (S-C) Border 70B-1.8. Caudal Shifts of the S-C Border 70B-2. Extra Vertebral Segment (Transitional Vertebra) 70B-3. Cleft Neural Arch 71B-4. Cleft Atlas Anterior Arch 74B-5.1. Notochord Defect: Sagittal Cleft Vertebra 75B-5.2. Notochord Defect Diastematomyelia 76B-6. Neural Tube Defect Spina Bifi da 76B-7. Hemivertebra: Hemimetameric Shifts 80B-8. Lateral Hypoplasia/Aplasia 81B-9. Ventral Hypoplasia/Aplasia 81B-10. Dorsal Hypoplasia/Aplasia 88B-11.1. Single Block Vertebra 92B-11.2. Multiple Block Vertebra 92B-11.3. Klippel–Feil Multiple Block Vertebra 93B-12. Neural Arch Complex Disorders 93B-13. Atlas Posterior/Lateral Bridging 95B-14. Multiple Vertebral Anomalies 97B-15. Sacral Agenesis versus Hemisacrum 97B-16. Enlarged Anterior Basivertebral Foramina 103C. RIBS 105RIB DEVELOPMENT 105RIB ANOMALIES 106C-1. Supernumerary Ribs 106Transitional Vertebra Extra Rib 106Intrathoracic Rib 106C-2. Rib Hypoplasia/Aplasia 106C-3. Merged Ribs 107C-4. Bifurcated Ribs 107C-5. Other Rib Disorders 107Bridged Ribs 107Rib Spur 108Flared Rib 108Rib Hyperplasia 108D. STERNUM 109STERNUM DEVELOPMENT 109STERNUM ANOMALIES AND VARIATIONS 109D-1. Suprasternal Ossicles 109D-2. Mesosternum Shape Variations 110D-3. Manubrium–Mesosternal Joint Fusion 116D-4. Misplaced Manubrium–Mesosternal Joint 116D-5. Mesosternal Hypoplasia/Aplasia 117D-6. Sternal Hyperplasia 117D-7. Sternal Aperture 117D-8. Sternal Caudal Clefting 118D-9. Bifurcated Sternum 118D-10. Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest) 119D-11. Pectus Carinatum (Pigeon Breast) 120PART II. APPENDICULAR SKELETON 121E. UPPER LIMBS 123UPPER LIMB DEVELOPMENT 123SHOULDER GIRDLE SEGMENT 124E-1. CLAVICLE DEVELOPMENT 124CLAVICLE ANOMALIES 124E-1.1. Clavicle Hypoplasia/Aplasia 124E-1.2. Bifurcated Clavicle (Congenital Pseudoarthrosis) 125E-1.3. Clavicle Duplication 125E-2. SCAPULA DEVELOPMENT 126SCAPULA ANOMALIES 126E-2.1. Scapular Secondary Ossicles 126E-2.2. Scapula Secondary Ossifi cation Hypoplasia/Aplasia 126E-2.3. Scapula Glenoid Neck Hypoplasia 128E-2.4. Scapular Aperture 128E-2.5. Sprengel’s Deformity of the Scapula 128E-2.6. Scapular Coracoid–Clavicular Bony Bridge 130ARM SEGMENT 130E-3. HUMERUS DEVELOPMENT 130HUMERUS ANOMALIES 131E-3.1. Phocomelia 131Proximal Phocomelia (Agenesis of the Humerus) 131Distal Phocomelia (Agenesis of the Forearm) 131E-3.2. Proximal Humeral Head Disturbance 131E-3.3. Distal Humerus Disturbances 131Supracondylar Process 131Septal Aperture 131Nonunion of Distal Secondary Ossifications 132Aplasia of Distal Secondary Ossifications 132E-3.4. Elbow Patella Cubiti 132FOREARM AND HAND SEGMENTS 132PARAXIAL DEVELOPMENT 132E-4. RADIUS AND ULNA DEVELOPMENT 135RADIUS AND ULNA ANOMALIES 136E-4.1. Forearm Meromelia (Congenital Amputation) 136E-4.2. Forearm Paraxial Hemimelia 136Radial (Preaxial) Hemimelia 137Ulnar (Postaxial) Hemimelia 137E-4.3. Duplication (Dimelia) Forearm Ray 139E-4.4. Madelung’s Deformity 139E-4.5. Radial–Ulnar Synostosis 139E-4.6. Ulnar Styloid Os/Aplasia 140E-5. CARPUS DEVELOPMENT 140CARPAL ANOMALIES 142E-5.1. Carpal Coalitions 142E-5.2. Atypical Carpal Coalitions 142Massive Carpal Coalition 144E-5.3. Carpals Bipartite and Separated Marginal Carpal Elements 144E-5.4. Carpal Hypoplasia/Aplasia/Hyperplasia 144E-5.5. Os Metastyloideum 150E-6. DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT 150DIGITAL ANOMALIES 150E-6.1. Brachydactyly 150Atypical Brachydactyly 151E-6.2. Syndactyly Complex 154E-6.3. Symphalangism 154E-6.4. Triphalangeal Thumb 155E-6.5. Ectrodactyly 158E-6.6. Polydactyly 160F. LOWER LIMBS 163LOWER LIMB DEVELOPMENT 163PELVIC GIRDLE SEGMENT 164F-1. INNOMINATE DEVELOPMENT 164INNOMINATE ANOMALIES 165F-1.1. Developmental Hip Dysplasia 165F-1.2. Sacroiliac Coalition 167THIGH SEGMENT 168F-2. FEMUR DEVELOPMENT 168FEMUR ANOMALIES 168F-2.1. Proximal Femur Variations 168Asymmetrical Torsion of the Femoral Neck 168Hypoplasia of the Femoral Head and/or Neck 168Coxa Vara 168Coxa Valga 168F-2.2. Femur Hypoplasia/Aplasia 168Proximal Femoral Focal Defi ciency 168Phocomelia 170F-2.3. Bifurcated Distal Femur 170F-3. PATELLA DEVELOPMENT 170PATELLA ANOMALIES 170F-3.1. Patella Hypoplasia/Aplasia 170F-3.2. Segmented Patella 170LOWER LEG AND FOOT SEGMENTS 171PARAXIAL DEVELOPMENT 171F-4. TIBIA AND FIBULA DEVELOPMENT 173TIBIA AND FIBULA ANOMALIES 173F-4.1. Lower Leg Meromelia (Congenital Amputation) 173F-4.2. Lower Leg Paraxial Hemimelia 173Tibial (Preaxial) Hemimelia 174Fibular (Postaxial) Hemimelia 174F-4.3. Duplication (Dimelia) Lower Leg Ray 174F-4.4. Tibia–Fibula Synostosis 174F-5. TARSUS DEVELOPMENT 177TARSAL ANOMALIES 179F-5.1. Club Foot (Talipes Equinovarus) 179F-5.2. Vertical Talus 180F-5.3. Tarsal Coalitions 180F-5.4. Tarsal–Metatarsal Coalitions 182F-5.5. Metatarsal–Phalanx Coalitions 183F-5.6. Tibia–Hindfoot Coalition 183F-5.7. Tarsals Bipartite and Separate Marginal Elements 183F-5.8. Tarsal Hyperplasia/Hypoplasia/Aplasia 187F-6. DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT 188DIGITAL ANOMALIES 188F-6.1. Os Metatarsium and Os Vesalianum 188F-6.2. Brachydactyly 188F-6.3. Syndactyly Complex 191F-6.4. Symphalangism 191F-6.5. Ectrodactyly 193F-6.6. Polydactyly 193Literature Cited 199Index 203