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This book provides detailed treatment of topics in traditional logic: the theory of terms; the theory of definition; the informal fallacies; and division and classification. Aristotelian Logic teaches techniques for solving semantic problems — problems caused by confusion over terminology. It teaches the theory of definition — the different kinds of definition and the criteria by which each is judged. It also teaches that definitions are like tools in that some are better suited for a particular task than others.Several chapters are devoted to informal fallacies. A new classification is given for them, and the concept of proof is presented, without which some of the traditional informal fallacies cannot be explained adequately. Another chapter is devoted to division and classification, which occurs in all of the sciences.Other topics covered include the square of opposition, immediate inferences, and the syllogistic and chain arguments.
William T. Parry was Professor of Philosophy at State University of New York at Buffalo. Edward A. Hacker is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Northeastern University.
PrefaceI. Basic Concepts of Logic1. Arguments and Validity2. Propositions3. Logical Form and Counterexamples4. Terms5. Definition6. Division and ClassificationII. Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Logic7. Standard Categorical Propositions8. The Traditional Square of Opposition9. Existential Presuppositions of Aristotelian Logic10. Distribution of Terms in Categorical Propositions11. ConversionIII. Immediate Inferences Not Needed for Standard Syllogism12. Negative Terms13. Obversion14. Contraposition15. Inversion and Partial Inversion16. Tables of Immediate Inferences17. Relations18. Reversible and Non-Reversible InferencesIV. Aristotelian Logic: Mediated Inferences19. The Standard Syllogism: Definitions20. A Deductive System of the Standard Syllogism21. Rules of the Standard Syllogism22. Chain Arguments Including Sorites23. Reducing the Number of Terms in Arguments24. Singular Propositions25. Standardizing Categorical Propositions26. The Enthymeme27. The Antilogism for N-Pair Arguments28. The Hypothetical Syllogism29. The Disjunctive Syllogism30. The DilemmaV. Informal Fallacies31. Proof and Fallacies32. Linguistic Fallacies33. Contextual Fallacies34. Illicit AppealsVI. Transition to Symbolic Logic35. From Aristotelian to Symbolic LogicIndex
"It is surely the most complete and competent treatment of Aristotelian logic for the general student. The book is extremely clear and interesting. It is manifestly the work of experienced teachers of logic who are able to anticipate and preclude the misunderstandings and questions typical of the beginning student." — Peter T. Manicas, Queens College, City University of New York and the University of Hawaii, Honolulu
