Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software, and Networking
An Information Technology Approach
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
Av Irv Englander, Wilson Wong, Irv (Bentley College) Englander
2 169 kr
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Fri frakt för medlemmar vid köp för minst 249 kr.The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software and Networking is designed help students majoring in information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) understand the structure and operation of computers and computer-based devices. Requiring only basic computer skills, this accessible textbook introduces the basic principles of system architecture and explores current technological practices and trends using clear, easy-to-understand language. Throughout the text, numerous relatable examples, subject-specific illustrations, and in-depth case studies reinforce key learning points and show students how important concepts are applied in the real world.This fully-updated sixth edition features a wealth of new and revised content that reflects today’s technological landscape. Organized into five parts, the book first explains the role of the computer in information systems and provides an overview of its components. Subsequent sections discuss the representation of data in the computer, hardware architecture and operational concepts, the basics of computer networking, system software and operating systems, and various interconnected systems and components. Students are introduced to the material using ideas already familiar to them, allowing them to gradually build upon what they have learned without being overwhelmed and develop a deeper knowledge of computer architecture.
Produktinformation
- Utgivningsdatum2021-04-14
- Mått203 x 252 x 31 mm
- Vikt1 157 g
- FormatHäftad
- SpråkEngelska
- Antal sidor672
- Upplaga6
- FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
- ISBN9781119495208
Tillhör följande kategorier
- Preface xxiiiAbout the Authors xxixPart I An Overview of Computer Systems1 Computers and Systems 41.0 Introduction 51.1 The Starting Point 81.2 Components of the Computer System 10The Hardware Component 13The Software Component 15The Communication Component 17The Computer System 171.3 The Concept of Virtualization 191.4 Protocols and Standards 201.5 Overview of This Book 211.6 A Brief Architectural History of the Computer 22Early Work 23Computer Hardware 24Operating Systems 27Communication, Networks, and the Internet 31Summary and Review 32For Further Reading 33Key Concepts and Terms 33Reading Review Questions 33Exercises 342 An Introduction to System Concepts and Systems Architecture 362.0 Introduction 372.1 The General Concept of Systems 372.2 IT System Architectures 44The Role of the System Architect 46Summary and Review 48For Further Reading 48Key Concepts and Terms 49Reading Review Questions 49Exercises 49Part II Data in the Computer3 Number Systems 523.0 Introduction 533.1 Numbers as a Physical Representation 533.2 Counting in Different Bases 543.3 Performing Arithmetic in Different Number Bases 593.4 Numeric Conversion Between Number Bases 63Alternative Conversion Methods 653.5 A Special Conversion Case—Number Bases That Are Related 673.6 Fractions 68Fractional Conversion Methods 713.7 Mixed Number Conversions 73Summary and Review 73For Further Reading 74Key Concepts and Terms 74Reading Review Questions 74Exercises 754 Data Formats 784.0 Introduction 794.1 General Considerations 794.2 Alphanumeric Character Data 824.3 Visual Data 88Bitmap Images 89Object Images 93Representing Characters as Images 96Video Images 964.4 Audio Data 974.5 Data Compression 1004.6 Page Description Languages 1024.7 Internal Computer Data Format 102Numerical Character to Integer Conversion 104Summary and Review 105For Further Reading 106Key Concepts and Terms 106Reading Review Questions 106Exercises 1075 Representing Numerical Data 1105.0 Introduction 1115.1 Unsigned Binary and Binary-Coded Decimal Representations 1115.2 Representations for Signed Integers 115Sign-and-Magnitude Representation 115Nine’s Decimal and 1’s Binary Complementary Representations 117Ten’s Complement and 2’s Complement 124Overflow and Carry Conditions 126Other Bases 127Summary of Rules for Complementary Numbers 1285.3 Real Numbers 128A Review of Exponential Notation 128Floating Point Format 130Normalization and Formatting of Floating Point Numbers 133A Programming Example 135Floating Point Calculations 136Floating Point in the Computer 139Conversion between Base 10 and Base 2 1415.4 Programming Considerations 142Summary and Review 143For Further Reading 144Key Concepts and Terms 144Reading Review Questions 144Exercises 145Part III Computer Architecture and Hardware Operation6 The Little Man Computer 1526.0 Introduction 1536.1 Layout of the Little Man Computer 1546.2 Operation of the LMC 1546.3 A Simple Program 1566.4 An Extended Instruction Set 1576.5 The Instruction Cycle 1606.6 A Note Regarding Computer Architectures 162Summary and Review 163Key Concepts and Terms 163Reading Review Questions 164Exercises 1647 The CPU and Memory 1667.0 Introduction 1677.1 The Components of the CPU 1687.2 The Concept of Registers 1697.3 The Memory Unit 171The Operation of Memory 171Memory Capacity and Addressing Limitations 175Primary Memory Characteristics and Implementation 1767.4 The Fetch–Execute Instruction Cycle 1787.5 Classification of Instructions 181Data Movement Instructions (load, store, and Other Moves) 183Arithmetic Instructions 183Boolean Logic Instructions 184Single Operand Manipulation Instructions 184Bit Manipulation Instructions 184Shift and Rotate Instructions 185Program Control Instructions 186Stack Instructions 187Multiple Data Instructions 189Other Instructions 1907.6 Instruction Word Formats 1907.7 Instruction Word Requirements and Constraints 192Summary and Review 195For Further Reading 195Key Concepts and Terms 195Reading Review Questions 196Exercises 1978 CPU and Memory: Design, Enhancement, and Implementation 2008.0 Introduction 2018.1 CPU Architectures 202Overview 202Traditional Modern Architectures 2028.2 CPU Features and Enhancements 203Introduction 203Fetch–Execute Cycle Timing Issues 204A Model for Improved CPU Performance 206Scalar and Superscalar Processor Organization 2108.3 Memory Enhancements 213Wide Path Memory Access 214Memory Interleaving 214Cache Memory 2158.4 The Compleat Modern Superscalar CPU 2198.5 Multiprocessing 2218.6 A Few Comments on Implementation 225Summary and Review 225For Further Reading 226Key Concepts and Terms 227Reading Review Questions 227Exercises 2289 Input/Output and Buses 2309.0 Introduction 2319.1 Characteristics of Typical I/O Devices 2329.2 Programmed I/O 2379.3 Interrupts 239Servicing Interrupts 239The Uses of Interrupts 241Multiple Interrupts and Prioritization 2459.4 Direct Memory Access 2499.5 I/O Controllers 2529.6 Buses 254Bus Characteristics 254Summary and Review 258For Further Reading 259Key Concepts and Terms 259Reading Review Questions 259Exercises 26010 Computer Peripherals 26210.0 Introduction 26310.1 The Hierarchy of Storage 26410.2 Solid-State Memory 26610.3 Magnetic Disks 267Disk Arrays 27210.4 Optical Disk Storage 27410.5 Magnetic Tape 27610.6 Displays 277Basic Display Design 277Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) 279Liquid Crystal Display Technology 282OLED Display Technology 28310.7 Printers 284Laser Printers 285Inkjet Printers 28510.8 User Input Devices 286Keyboards 287Pointing Devices 287Alternative Sources of Alphanumeric Input 288Scanners 291Multimedia Input 291Mobile Devices 29210.9 Network Communication Devices 293Summary and Review 293For Further Reading 294Key Concepts and Terms 294Reading Review Questions 295Exercises 29511 Computer System Organization 29811.0 Introduction 29911.1 Putting the Pieces Together 30011.2 System Architecture 305Basic System Interconnection Requirements 305Bus I/O 307Channel Architecture 311Blurring the Line 313Summary and Review 313For Further Reading 313Key Concepts and Terms 314Reading Review Questions 314Exercises 314Part IV Networks, Data Communications, and Networked Computer Systems12 Networks and Data Communications—An Overview 31812.0 Introduction 31912.1 The Impact of Networking on Business Processes and User Access to Knowledge and Services 32012.2 A Simple View of Data Communications 32112.3 Basic Data Communication Concepts 324Messages 324Packets 325General Channel Characteristics 32612.4 Networks 330Network Topology 330Types of Networks 334Network Interconnection 34712.5 Standards 351Summary and Review 352For Further Reading 352Key Concepts and Terms 352Reading Review Questions 353Exercises 35313 Ethernet and T CP/IP Networking 35613.0 Introduction 35713.1 TCP/IP, OSI, and Other Communication Protocol Models 35713.2 Program Applications versus Network Applications 36213.3 The Physical and Data Link Layers 362The Physical Layer 363The Data Link Layer 364Hub-Based Ethernet 366Switched Ethernet 366Wireless Ethernet (Wi-Fi) 36713.4 The Network Layer 36813.5 The Transport Layer 37213.6 IP Addresses 376IPv4 and DHCP 376IPv6 37913.7 Domain Names and DNS Services 38013.8 Quality of Service 38513.9 Network Security 386Physical and Logical Access Restriction 386Encryption 38713.10 Alternative Protocols 387A Comparison of TCP/IP and OSI 388Other Protocol Suites and Components 388SCSI Over IP 389Cellular Technology 389MPLS 390Summary and Review 390For Further Reading 391Key Concepts and Terms 391Reading Review Questions 392Exercises 39214 Communication Channel T echnology 39614.0 Introduction 39714.1 Communication Channel Technology 39814.2 The Fundamentals of Signaling Technology 400Analog Signaling 401Digital Signaling 411Modems 416Two Examples of Alternative Advanced Technologies 41614.3 Transmission Media and Signaling Methods 41814.4 Wireless Technologies 420Cellular Technology 421Wi-Fi 421Bluetooth 421Summary and Review 422For Further Reading 423Key Concepts and Terms 423Reading Review Questions 423Exercises 42415 Modern Networked Computer Systems 42615.0 Introduction 42715.1 Distributed Systems 42815.2 Client–Server Computing 43015.3 Web-Based Computing 43315.4 Peer-to-Peer Computing 43515.5 Clusters 436Overview 436Classification and Configuration 437Beowulf Clusters 43815.6 Storage Area Networks 44015.7 Cloud Computing 44115.8 Supercomputing 443Grid Computing 44415.9 Networked Computer System Architecture Examples 444Google: A System Architecture Example 445Another Example: Facebook’s Application Architecture 448Summary and Review 449For Further Reading 450Key Concepts and Terms 450Reading Review Questions 450Exercises 451Part V The Software Component16 Operating Systems: An Overview 45416.0 Introduction 45516.1 The Barebones Computer System 45616.2 The Operating Systems Concept: An Introduction 45716.3 Services and Facilities 463User Interface and Command Execution Services 464File Management 465Input/Output Services 466Process Control Management 467Memory Management 468Scheduling and Dispatch 468Secondary Storage Management 471Network and Communications Support Services 471Security and Protection Services 472System Administration Support 47316.4 Organization 47616.5 Types of Computer Systems 479Summary and Review 483For Further Reading 483Key Concepts and Terms 483Reading Review Questions 484Exercises 48417 The User View of Operating Systems 48617.0 Introduction 48717.1 Purpose of the User Interface 48817.2 User Functions and Program Services 490Program Execution 490File Commands 491Disk and Other I/O Device Commands 492Security and Data Integrity Protection 492Interuser Communication and Data Sharing Operations 493System Status Information and User Administration 494Program Services 49517.3 Types of User Interface 495The Command Line Interface 496Batch System Commands 498Graphical User Interfaces 499Touchless Gesture- and Voice-Based Interfaces 504Trade-Offs in the User Interface 505Software Considerations 50617.4 X Window and Other Graphics Display Methodologies 50717.5 Command and Scripting Languages 510The Elements of a Command Language 512The Command Language Start-Up Sequence Files 51217.6 Services to Programs 513Summary and Review 515For Further Reading 515Key Concepts and Terms 515Reading Review Questions 516Exercises 51618 File Management 51818.0 Introduction 51918.1 The Logical and Physical View of Files 51918.2 The Role of the File Management System 52418.3 Logical File Access Methods 528Sequential File Access 529Random Access 529Indexed Access 53018.4 Physical File Storage 531Contiguous Storage Allocation 531Noncontiguous Storage Allocation 532Indexed Allocation 534Free Space Management 537Tape Allocation 539Optical and Flash Drive Allocation 53918.5 File Systems, Volumes, Disks, Partitions, and Storage Pools 53918.6 The Directory Structure 542Tree-Structured Directories 543Acyclic-Graph Directories 54518.7 Network File Access 54818.8 File Protection 55018.9 Journaling File Systems 551Summary and Review 552For Further Reading 552Key Concepts and Terms 553Reading Review Questions 553Exercises 55419 The Internal Operating System 55619.0 Introduction 55719.1 Fundamental OS Requirements 558Example: A Simple Multitasking Operating System 55919.2 Starting the Computer System: The Bootstrap 56219.3 Processes and Threads 564Process Creation 567Process States 568Threads 56919.4 Basic Loading and Execution Operations 57019.5 CPU Scheduling and Dispatching 572Long-Term Scheduler 572Short-Term Scheduler and Dispatcher 572Nonpreemptive Scheduling Algorithms 575Preemptive Short-Term Scheduling Algorithms 57619.6 Memory Management 577Memory Partitioning 57819.7 Virtual Storage 579Overview 579Pages and Frames 580The Concept of Virtual Storage 585Page Faults 586Working Sets and the Concept of Locality 588Page Sharing 588Page Replacement Algorithms 589Thrashing 592Page Table Implementation 592Segmentation 595Process Separation 59619.8 Disk Scheduling 596First-Come, First-Served Scheduling 597Shortest Distance First Scheduling 597Scan Scheduling 597n-Step c-Scan Scheduling 59819.9 Network Operating System Services 598OS Protocol Support and Other Services 59819.10 Other Operating System Issues 601Deadlock 601Other Issues 60219.11 Virtual Machines 603Summary and Review 605For Further Reading 606Key Concepts and Terms 606Reading Review Questions 607Exercises 608Bibliography B-1Index I-1