AQA Biology: A Level Year 1 and AS

Glenn and Susan Toole combine their years of experience writing for A Level Biology. They are well-known names in the A Level Biology authoring market, for bringing Biology to life in a clear and accessible way. They have authored many successful Biology books, including the market-leading student books to support AQA's previous specification. They have also contributed to AQA-endorsed GCSE Science resources. Glenn is former Vice Principal of Pendleton Sixth FormCollege, Salford, and Susan is Head of Biology at Hulme Grammar Schools, Oldham.

• 1 Biological molecules1.1: Introduction to biological molecules1.2: Carbohydrates and monosaccharides1.3: Carbohydrates - disaccharides and polysaccharides1.4: Starch, glycogen and cellulose1.5: Lipids1.6: Proteins1.7: Enzyme action1.8: Factors affecting enzyme action1.9: Enzyme inhibition2 Nucleic acids2.1: Structure of RNA and DNA2.2: DNA replication2.3: Energy and ATP2.4: Water and its functions3 Cell structure3.1: Methods of studying cells3.2: The electron microscope3.3: Microscopic measurements and calculations3.4: Eukaryotic cell structure3.5: Cell specialisation and organisation3.6: Prokaryotic cells and viruses3.7: Mitosis3.8: The cell cycle4 Transport across cell membranes4.1: Structure of the cell surface membrane4.2: Diffusion4.3: Osmosis4.4: Active transport4.5: Co-transport and absorption of glucose in the ileum5 Cell recognition and the immune system5.1: Defence mechanisms5.2: Phagocytosis5.3: T Lymphocytes and cell mediated immunity5.4: B Lymphocytes and humoral immunity5.5: Antibodies5.6: Vaccination5.7: Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]6 Exchange6.1: Exchange between organisms and their environment6.2: Gas exchange in single-celled organisms and insects6.3: Gas exchange in fish6.4: Gas exchange in the leaf of a plant6.5: Limiting water loss6.6: Structure of the human gas-exchange system6.7: The mechanism of breathing6.8: Exchange of gases in the lungs6.9: Enzymes and digestion6.10: Absorption of the products of digestion7 Mass transport7.1: Haemoglobin7.2: Transport of oxygen by haemoglobin7.3: Circulatory system of a mammal7.4: The structure of the heart7.5: The cardiac cycle7.6: Blood vessels and their functions7.7: Transport of water in the xylem7.8: Transport of organic molecules in the phloem7.9: Investigating transport in plants8 DNA, genes and protein synthesis8.1: Genes and the triplet code8.2: DNA and chromosomes8.3: The structure of ribonucleic acid8.4: Protein synthesis - transcription and splicing8.5: Protein synthesis - translation9 Genetic diversity9.1: Mutations9.2: Meiosis and genetic variation9.3: Genetic diversity and adaptation9.4: Types of selection10 Biodiversity1.1: Species and taxonomy1.2: Diversity within a community1.3: Species diversity and human activity1.4: Investigating diversity1.5: Quantitative investigations of variationsSkills in A Level BiologyMathematical skillsPractical skills

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