Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern

Inbunden, Engelska, 2022

AvNuria Fontanals,Nuria Fontanals,Rosa Maria Marce

1 889 kr

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Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern Provides the analytical methodology required to detect different families of organic compounds of emerging concern (CECs) from environmental samples Most contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) —such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, sunscreens, perfluorinated compounds, and microplastics—have been present in the environment for years, yet some have only recently been identified, and many of these organic compounds remain unregulated. Analytical methods have been developed to determine the toxicity and risk of different families of CECs. Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern presents the methods currently available to determine families of organic CECs in environmental samples. Each section of the book is devoted to a particular family of CECs, covering different analytical methods supported by examples of both cutting-edge research and commonly used methods. An international panel of experts describes every step of the analytical procedures, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry or other instrumental techniques. Specific requirements are linked to the properties of the contaminants and the sample matrix for each procedure presented. Throughout the book, in-depth case studies of analytical procedures for CEC extraction, separation, and determination are presented to help readers transfer the analytical methods to their laboratories. Provides detailed descriptions of various approaches for determining each group of CECs in environmental samplesCovers different types of aqueous, solid, and atmospheric samplesIncludes up-to-date information on CEC properties, relevant legislation, reported or potential metabolites/transformation products, and environmental occurrenceAddresses CECs such as novel psychoactive substances, artificial sweeteners, musk fragrances, disinfection byproducts, and microplasticsOffers practical tips and advice on special care procedures to assist readers in CEC determinationAnalytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern is an essential reference and guide for advanced students and researchers in analytical chemistry and science, environmental science, forensic science, and specialized subjects related to analytical chemistry.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2022-05-19
Mått170 x 244 x 29 mm
Vikt936 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor416
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119763864

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Miljövetenskap och miljöpolitik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Núria Fontanals, Senior Researcher, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. Her research career has combined the preparation of materials for different extraction techniques and their evaluation and application in analytical fields using chromatographic techniques followed by mass spectrometry detection to determine contaminants in environmental samples.Rosa Maria Marcé, Professor, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. Her research has contributed to the development of analytical methods for environmental pollutants, mainly based on chromatography-mass spectrometry with special emphasis in sample treatment.

Contributors xiPreface xv1 Pesticides 1Irene Domínguez, Rosalía López Ruiz, Antonia Garrido Frenich, and Roberto Romero González1.1 Overview of Pesticides 11.1.1 Properties 11.1.2 Legislation 21.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 31.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 41.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 91.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 91.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 101.3 Determination of Pesticides 201.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 201.3.1.1 Chromatography 201.3.1.2 Detection 221.3.2 Figures of Merit 241.3.3 Hints and Tips 241.4 Future Directions and Challenges 25Acknowledgments 26Bibliography 262 Pharmaceuticals 37Monika Paszkiewicz, Hanna Lis, Magda Caban, Anna Białk-Bielińska, and Piotr Stepnowski2.1 Overview of Pharmaceuticals 372.1.1 Properties 372.1.2 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 372.1.3 Occurrence 392.1.4 Legislation 442.2 Sampling and Sample Preparation 462.2.1 Solid Samples 462.2.2 Water Samples 472.3 Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals 512.3.1 Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry 512.3.2 Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry 552.4 Conclusion and Future Trends 60References 603 Personal Care Products 71Maria Llompart, Maria Celeiro, and Thierry Dagnac3.1 Overview of Personal Care Products 713.1.1 Properties 713.1.2 Legislation 723.1.3 Transformation Products 733.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 733.2 Sample Preparation for PCPs in the Aquatic Environment 743.2.1 Sorbent-based Methodologies 753.2.1.1 Solid-phase Extraction 753.2.1.2 Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction 993.2.1.3 Stir-bar Sorptive Extraction 1003.2.1.4 Solid-phase Microextraction 1023.2.2 Liquid-based Extraction Techniques 1043.2.2.1 Microextraction Liquid Phase Approaches: DLLME, SDME, USAEME 1043.3 Determination of Personal Care Products 1073.4 Future Directions and Challenges 108Acknowledgements 108References 1094 New Psychoactive Substances 127Noelia Salgueiro-González, Ettore Zuccato, and Sara Castiglioni4.1 Overview of New Psychoactive Substances 1274.1.1 Properties 1274.1.2 NPS Market, Dynamics and International Control 1304.1.3 Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 1314.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 1324.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 1334.2.1 Urban Wastewater 1334.2.1.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 1334.2.1.2 Extraction Procedures and Clean-up 1344.2.2 Other Environmental Matrices 1364.3 Determination of New Psychoactive Substances 1394.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 1404.3.1.1 Chromatographic Separation 1404.3.1.2 Detection 1404.3.2 Figures of Merit 1424.3.3 Hits and Tips 1424.4 Future Direction and Challenges 143Acknowledgments 144References 1445 Artificial Sweeteners 151Konstatinos Vasilatos, Maria-Christina Nika, Georgios Gkotsis, and Nikolaos S. Thomaidis5.1 Overview of Artificial Sweeteners 1515.1.1 Properties 1515.1.2 Legislation and Environmental Risk Assessment 1545.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 1555.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 1575.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 1675.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 1675.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 1675.3 Determination of Artificial Sweeteners 1725.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 1725.3.1.1 Chromatography 1725.3.1.2 Detection 1755.3.2 Figures of Merit 1775.3.3 Hints and Tips 1785.4 Future Directions and Challenges 180References 1816 Perfluorinated Substances 187Julian Campo and Yolanda Picó6.1 Overview of Perfluoroalkyl Substances 1876.1.1 Properties 1906.1.2 Legislation 1906.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 1916.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 1936.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 1976.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 1976.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 1996.3 Determination of PFASs 2016.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 2016.3.1.1 Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 2016.3.1.2 Biosensors 2066.3.2 Figures of Merit 2076.3.3 Hints and Tips 2096.4 Future Directions and Challenges 210References 2127 High Production Volume Chemicals 223Óscar Castro, Eva Pocurull, Francesc Borrull, Rosa Maria Marcé, and Núria Fontanals7.1 Overview of High Production Volume Chemicals 2237.1.1 Properties 2237.1.2 Legislation 2267.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 2277.1.4 Occurrence 2287.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 2317.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 2317.2.1.1 Water 2317.2.1.2 Air and Dust 2317.2.1.3 Soil, Sediments, and Sludge 2327.2.1.4 Biota 2327.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-Up 2337.2.2.1 Water 2337.2.2.2 Air and Dust 2387.2.2.3 Soil, Sediments, and Sludge 2447.2.2.4 Biota 2477.3 Determination of High Production Volume Chemicals 2517.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 2517.3.2 Figures of Merit 2537.3.3 Hints and Tips 2537.4 Future Directions and Challenges 253Acknowledgments 254References 2548 Musk Fragrances 263Irene Aparicio, Julia Martín, Juan Luis Santos, and Esteban Alonso8.1 Overview of Musk Fragrances 2638.1.1 Properties 2638.1.2 Legislation 2678.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 2678.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 2688.1.4.1 Occurrence in Wastewater and Sewage Sludge 2688.1.4.2 Occurrence in Surface Water, Soils, Sediments and Air 2698.1.4.3 Occurrence in Biota 2698.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 2708.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 2708.2.1.1 Air Samples 2708.2.1.2 Water Samples 2708.2.1.3 Sludge, Soil and Sediment Samples 2718.2.1.4 Biota 2718.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 2718.2.2.1 Air Samples 2718.2.2.2 Water Samples 2718.2.2.3 Sludge, Soil and Sediment Samples 2768.2.2.4 Biota 2768.3 Determination of Musk Fragrances 2798.3.1 Chromatography 2798.3.2 Detection 2808.4 Future Directions and Challenges 280References 2819 Disinfection Byproducts in Water 287Cristina Postigo, Joshua M. Allen, Amy A. Cuthbertson, María José Farré, and Susana Y. Kimura9.1 Overview of Main DBP Classes 2879.1.1 Properties 2889.1.2 Legislation 2989.1.3 Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 3089.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 3109.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 3139.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 3139.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 3149.3 Determination of DBPs 3209.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 3209.3.1.1 Chromatography 3209.3.1.2 Detection 3289.3.2 Figures of Merit 3309.3.2.1 Linearity 3309.3.2.2 Precision and Accuracy 3319.3.2.3 Sensitivity 3329.3.3 Hints and Tips 3339.4 Future Directions and Challenges 335Acknowledgements 336References 33610 Microplastics 353Marta Llorca and Marinella Farré10.1 Overview of Micro- and Nanoplastics 35310.1.1 Properties 35310.1.2 Legislation 35310.1.3 Origin and Distribution 35410.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 35510.1.4.1 Water Systems 35510.1.4.2 Sediments 35810.1.4.3 Biota 35910.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 36010.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 36010.2.1.1 Water 36010.2.1.2 Sediment 36010.2.1.3 Biota 36010.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 36110.2.2.1 Separation 36110.2.2.2 Matrix Removal by Digestion 36210.3 Determination of MNPLs 36210.3.1 Physical Characterization 36210.3.2 Chemical Characterization 36210.4 Future Directions and Challenges 363Acknowledgments 363References 363Index 375