Agri-Innovations and Development Challenges

Vanessa Casadella is a Professor of Development and Innovation Economics at the University of Picardie Jules Verne, IUT de l'Oise, France, as well as the Co-Director of a research unit, Vice-President of the Research Network on Innovation and editor of the journal Science, Technology, Development (ISTE OpenScience).Dimitri Uzunidis is a Professor of Political Economy and Innovation Studies and the Honorary President of the Research Network on Innovation. He coordinates the Smart Innovation and Innovation in Engineering and Technology Sets for ISTE, as well as the Technology and Innovation, and Science, Technology, Development journals (ISTE OpenScience).

• Introduction xiiiDimitri UZUNIDIS and Vanessa CASADELLAChapter 1 Big Changes in Global Food Security and the Issue of Development: Challenges and Hopes 1Jean-Luc HORNICK1.1 Introduction 11.2 Food security issues 21.3 Elements of hope 61.4 Conclusion 91.5 References 10Chapter 2 Agri-environmental Frugal Innovation and Sustainable Development 13Paul BOUVIER-PATRON2.1 Introduction 132.2 From HighTech innovation to a satisfactory technological level 182.3 Sustainable food in a necessary context with respect to the Natural Environment and global warming: sorghum in Africa and rice in Asia 242.3.1 Sorghum 262.3.2 Thai rice 292.4 Conclusion 332.5 References 34Chapter 3 The National Innovation System as Applied to Agriculture: A Methodological Proposal for Diagnosis in Africa 37Eveline M.F.W SAWADOGO/COMPAORÉ and Natewindé SAWADOGO3.1 Introduction 373.2 Methodology 393.3 Linear model of agricultural innovation 413.4 Interactional models of agricultural innovation 423.4.1 Participatory approach to agricultural development or "training and visits" approach 423.4.2 In search of an interactional innovation diffusion approach 433.4.3 Description of the framework of NISs 443.5 Beyond the NIS: taking context as a key aspect 493.6 Practical methodology for the diagnosis of AISs in Africa 503.7 Conclusion 533.8 References 53Chapter 4 Adoption of Rice Technological Innovations for Technical Efficiency in Senegal 59Babacar NDIAYE and Albertine Bayompe KABOU4.1 Introduction 594.2 Theoretical framework 614.2.1 Theoretical approach to the determinants of adoption 614.3 Empirical approach 624.4 Econometric model and data analysis 634.4.1 Specification of the production boundary method 634.4.2 Analysis of results 654.5 Conclusion 694.6 Appendix 1 714.7 Appendix 2: empirical model of technical efficiency 724.8 References 73Chapter 5 Characterization of the Sectoral Cocoa Innovation System in Cameroon 79Syndhia MATHÉ, Eric Joël FOFIRI NZOSSIÉ and Ludovic TEMPLE5.1 Introduction 795.2 Methodological framework for analyzing information in the cocoa sector 805.2.1 The sectoral innovation system analysis framework 805.2.2 Information collection system and databases 815.3 Dynamics of the innovation system in the cocoa sector in Cameroon 825.3.1 The evolution of scientific knowledge production on cocoa 835.3.2 A highly administered institutional governance of innovation 845.3.3 "Liberalization": a vector of sectoral transformation of innovation in cocoa 855.4 What are the consequences for the sector’s research and innovation policies? 895.4.1 Variable governance of the sectoral innovation system questioned by agroforestry 895.4.2 A challenge of innovation governance through the hybridization of scientific and local knowledge 915.4.3 A potential reconfiguration of innovation models in the cocoa sector 925.5 Conclusion 935.6 References 94Chapter 6 Valorization of the Date Industry in Tunisia by Combining "Modern" and "Traditional" Knowledge and Techniques: Difficulties, Successes and Prospects 97Yasmine BOUGHZALA and Néfissa BEN MAHMOUD6.1 Introduction 976.2 Literature review 986.2.1 Sector and value chain: complementary but distinct concepts 986.2.2 Agricultural value chains in emerging countries 996.2.3 The date industry in Tunisia 1016.3 Background and research design 1086.3.1 The economic and social context of the date industry in Tunisia 1086.3.2 Methods and data 1086.4 The results of the research 1106.4.1 An agricultural value chain in difficulty despite its global leadership 1106.4.2 The guarantors of global leadership 1116.4.3 Challenges of sustainability 1136.5 Conclusion 1146.6 References 115Chapter 7 Technology, Innovation and Sustainability of the Soybean Chain: Study of the Cameroonian Cotton Front Facing Environmental Challenges 123Eric Joël FOFIRI NZOSSIÉ, Darryl Neil NITCHEU WAKPONOU and Christophe BRING7.1 Introduction 1237.2 State of knowledge on the subject 1267.2.1 Soybean in the socioeconomic diversification of rural Africa 1267.2.2 The agribusiness industry as a lever for strengthening the use of science and technology (S&T) policies and accelerating soybean cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa 1277.2.3 S&T policies for the valorization of soybean in energy diversification and the fight against climate change 1277.3 Theoretical framework of the study 1297.4 Methodological approach adopted 1307.4.1 Diagnosis with soybean producers and resource persons 1307.4.2 Analysis of the evolution of vegetation cover 1317.4.3 Soil sampling 1317.4.4 Results 1367.5 Agro-technological and organizational innovation as the basis for the development of the soybean value chain in the Cameroonian cotton front 1367.5.1 The cotton crisis, a vector for the diffusion of soybeans 1367.5.2 An increase in soybean production supported more by the expansion of cultivated areas than by technical innovation 1397.6 The development of the national agri-food sector: a lever for the progressive construction of a soy value chain 1407.7 Environmental issues of soybean production dynamics in the Sudano-Sahelian region 1457.7.1 A significant regression of the vegetation cover in an ecologically fragile area 1457.7.2 Soil degradation linked more to cultivation practices than to soybean speculation 1507.8 Conclusion 1507.9 References 152Chapter 8 Impact of Good Agricultural Practices on Cashew Nut Crop Yields in Senegal 157Blaise Waly BASSE, Souleymane MBAYE and Omar DIOP8.1 Introduction 1578.2 Literature review 1588.3 Methodology 1598.3.1 Presentation of the study area 1598.3.2 Sampling and data collection 1618.3.3 Data analysis method 1638.4 Results and discussion 1668.4.1 Sociodemographic characteristics of producers 1668.4.2 Socioeconomic characteristics of adopters and nonadopters 1668.4.3 The contribution of good practices to performance 1688.5 Conclusion 1708.6 References 171Chapter 9 Bioeconomy and Sustainable Conservation of Plants and Forests in Madagascar 175Hery Lisy Tiana RANARIJAONA, Tiantsoa ANDRIANASETRA, Liva Jackson RAHARINAIVO, Vololoniaina RAMAHATAFANDRY, Michaël BEFINOANA, Auguste Botovao RAMIANDRISOA, Cyrille MAHAROMBAKA, Sylvana TOMBOANONA, Chéri Christian TOTONDRABESA, Fenozo ANDRIAMANANTENA, Simon Georges ANDRIANASETRA, Ainazo ANDRIAMANANTENA and Antoine Zafera RABESA9.1 Introduction 1759.2 Study methods 1789.3 "Vololona" Educational Botanical Garden (JBE) 1819.4 Results 1839.4.1 Perception of Covid-19 in the city of Mahajanga 1839.4.2 Perception of Covid-19 in Fokontany Antsanitia 1839.4.3 Perception of the use of medicinal plants in the socioeconomic field at the two target sites 1839.4.4 Medicinal plants identified 1849.4.5 Medicinal plants used to prevent and treat Covid-19-related diseases in Fokontany Antsanitia 1849.4.6 Medicinal plants to prevent Covid-19 collected in the JBE 1879.4.7 Suggested plants for the bioeconomy of Mahajanga 1879.5 Discussion 1909.6 Conclusion 1939.7 References 194Chapter 10 Bricolage in Agriculture Sector: Emergence Dynamic and Consequences in Vietnam 197Son Thi Kim LE, To The NGUYEN and Phuong Anh Thi NGUYEN10.1 Introduction 19710.2 Bricolage in the agriculture sector 19910.2.1 Bricolage and scarcity 19910.2.2 Three main domains stimulate bricolage 20010.3 Bricolage in agriculture sectors – How does it work? 20110.4 Bricolage to improve Vietnamese agriculture in a scarcity context 20410.5 Infrastructure resources and advanced technology 20510.6 Financial resources 20910.7 Human resources and skills 21210.8 Conclusion 21410.9 References 214Chapter 11 The Contribution of Food Hubs in the Digital Age to the Sustainable Agri-food Transition: A Review of Research in Sub-Saharan Africa 219Gérard DE LA PAIX BAYIHA11.1 Introduction 21911.2 Literature review 22211.2.1 Territorial innovation, a lever for the development of short food circuits 22211.2.2 Food hubs, an innovative model for supplying cities in the transition process toward sustainable agri-food systems 22411.3 Methodology of the documentary research and results 22511.4 A lack of scientific work on food hubs in sub-Saharan Africa despite their development 22811.5 Conclusion: a need for studies on food hubs in sub-Saharan Africa 23111.6 References 232Chapter 12 Total Processing of Soy Glycine max through Valorization of the Tofu Whey into Cosmetic Products 239Dinah ANDRIANJAFY, Helga RIM FARASOA and Felamboahangy RASOARAHONA12.1 Introduction 23912.2 Interests in the valorization of soya whey in cosmetics 24012.3 Materials and methods 24112.3.1 Preparation of the tofu 24112.3.2 Tofu preservation process 24112.3.3 Tofu acceptability test 24212.3.4 Tofu shelf life test 24212.3.5 Preparation of whey before its use in cosmetics 24212.3.6 Development of cosmetic products 24312.3.7 Quality and shelf life tests of cosmetic products 24312.3.8 Efficacy testing of cosmetic products 24312.4 Results and interpretations 24412.4.1 Tofu and whey yields 24412.4.2 Sensory analysis of tofu 24412.4.3 Preservability of processed tofu 24712.4.4 Whey stability 24712.4.5 Characterization and stability of the developed cosmetic products 24712.4.6 Effectiveness of the manufactured cosmetic products 24812.4.7 General discussion 24812.5 Conclusion 24912.6 References 250List of Authors 253Index 257