Aggregation-Induced Emission

ANJUN QIN, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, China.BEN ZHONG TANG, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.

• List of Contributors xi Preface xiii1 AIE or AIEE Materials for Electroluminescence Applications 1Chiao-Wen Lin and Chin-Ti Chen1.1 Introduction 11.2 EL Background, EL Efficiency, Color Chromaticity, and Fabrication Issues of OLEDs 21.3 AIE or AIEE Silole Derivatives for OLEDs 71.4 AIE or AIEE Maleimide and Pyrrole Derivatives for OLEDs 101.5 AIE or AIEE Cyano-Substituted Stilbenoid and Distyrylbenzene Derivatives for OLEDs 141.6 AIE or AIEE Triarylamine Derivatives for OLEDs 171.7 AIE or AIEE Triphenylethene and Tetraphenylethene Derivatives for OLEDs 171.8 White OLEDs Containing AIE or AIEE Materials 311.9 Perspectives 36References 372 Crystallization-Induced Phosphorescence for Purely Organic Phosphors at Room Temperature and Liquid Crystals with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics 42Wang Zhang Yuan, Yongming Zhang, and Ben Zhong Tang2.1 Crystallization-Induced Phosphorescence for Purely Organic Phosphors at Room Temperature 422.1.1 Introduction 422.1.2 Molecular luminogens with crystallization-induced phosphorescence at room temperature 432.2 Liquid crystals with aggregation-induced emission characteristics 512.2.1 Luminescent liquid crystals 512.2.2 Aggregation-induced emission strategy towards high-efficiency luminescent liquid crystals 522.3 Conclusions and Perspectives 56References 573 Mechanochromic Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials 60Zhenguo Chi and Jiarui Xu3.1 Introduction 603.2 Mechanochromic Non-AIE Compounds 613.3 Mechanochromic AIE Compounds 633.4 Conclusion 81References 824 Chiral Recognition and Enantiomeric Excess Determination Based on Aggregation-Induced Emission 86Yan-Song Zheng4.1 Introduction to Chiral Recognition 864.2 Chiral Recognition and Enantiomeric Excess Determination of Chiral Amines 874.3 Chiral Recognition and Enantiomeric Excess Determination of Chiral Acids 904.3.1 Enantiomeric excess determination of chiral acids using chiral AIE amines 904.3.2 Enantiomeric excess determination of chiral acids using a chiral receptor in the presence of an AIE compound 974.4 Mechanism of chiral recognition based on AIE 1004.4.1 Mechanism of chiral recognition by a chiral AIE monoamine 1014.4.2 Mechanism of chiral recognition by a chiral AIE diamine 1014.5 Prospects for chiral recognition based on AIE 103References 1045 AIE Materials Towards Efficient Circularly Polarized Luminescence, Organic Lasing, and Superamplified Detection of Explosives 106Jianzhao Liu, Jacky W.Y. Lam, and Ben Zhong Tang5.1 Introduction 1065.2 AIE Materials with Efficient Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Large Dissymmetry Factor 1065.2.1 Aggregation-induced circular dichroism 1075.2.2 AIE, fluorescence decay dynamics and theoretical understanding 1095.2.3 Aggregation-induced circularly polarized luminescence 1125.2.4 Supramolecular assembly and structural modeling 1145.3 AIE Materials for Organic Lasing 1175.3.1 Fabrication of nano-structures 1175.3.2 Lasing performances 1185.4 AIE Materials for Superamplified Detection of Explosives 1205.4.1 Hyperbranched polymer-based sensor 1215.4.2 Mesoporous material-based sensor 1265.5 Conclusion 126References 1276 Aggregation-Induced Emission and Applications of Aryl-Substituted Pyrrole Derivatives 129Bin Tong and Yuping Dong6.1 Introduction 1296.2 Luminescence Properties of Triphenylpyrrole Derivatives in the Aggregated State 1306.3 Applications 1346.4 Aggregation-Induced Emission of Pentaphenylpyrrole 1456.5 AIEE Mechanism of Pentaphenylpyrrole 1486.6 Conclusion 150References 1507 Biogenic Amine Sensing with Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Tetraphenylethenes 154Takanobu Sanji and Masato Tanaka7.1 Introduction 1547.1.1 Biogenic amines 1547.1.2 Sensing methods for biogenic amines 1547.2 Fluorimetric Sensing of Biogenic Amines with AIE-Active TPEs 1557.2.1 Design for fluorimetric sensing of biogenic amines 1557.2.2 Sensing studies and statistical analysis 1557.2.3 Determination of histamine concentration 1597.2.4 Fluorimetric sensing of melamine with AIE-active TPEs 1607.3 Summary and Outlook 160References 1618 New Chemo-/Biosensors with Silole and Tetraphenylethene Molecules Based on the Aggregation and Deaggregation Mechanism 162Ming Wang, Guanxin Zhang, and Deqing Zhang8.1 Introduction 1628.2 Cation and Anion Sensors 1638.3 Fluorimetric Biosensors for Biomacromolecules 1668.4 Fluorimetric Assays for Enzymes 1708.5 Fluorimetric Detection of Physiologically Important Small Molecules 1778.6 Miscellaneous Sensors 1808.7 Conclusion and Outlook 182References 1829 Carbohydrate-Functionalized AIE-Active Molecules as Luminescent Probes for Biosensing 186Qi Chen and Bao-Hang Han9.1 Introduction 1869.2 Carbohydrate-Bearing AIE-Active Molecules 1879.2.1 Carbohydrate-bearing siloles 1889.2.2 Carbohydrate-bearing phosphole oxides 1899.2.3 Carbohydrate-bearing tetraphenylethenes 1909.3 Luminescent Probes for Lectins 1929.4 Luminescent Probes for Enzymes 1969.5 Luminescent Probes for Viruses and Toxins 2009.6 Conclusion 202Acknowledgments 202References 20210 Aggregation-Induced Emission Dyes for In Vivo Functional Bioimaging 205Jun Qian, Dan Wang, and Sailing He10.1 Introduction 20510.2 AIE Dyes for Macro In Vivo Functional Bioimaging 20610.2.1 AIE dye-encapsulated phospholipid–PEG nanomicelles 20610.2.2 AIE dye-encapsulated nanomicelles for SLN mapping of mice 20610.2.3 AIE dye-encapsulated nanomicelles for tumor targeting of mice 21210.2.4 Other types of AIE-nanoparticles for in vivo functional bioimaging 21710.3 Multiphoton-Induced Fluorescence from AIE Dyes and Applications inIn Vivo Functional Microscopic Imaging 21910.3.1 Two- and three-photon-induced fluorescence of AIE dyes 21910.3.2 AIE dye-encapsulated nanomicelles for two-photon blood vessel imagingof live mice 22310.3.3 AIE dye-encapsulated nanomicelles for two-photon brain imagingof live mice 22610.4 Summary and Perspectives 228Acknowledgments 230References 23011 Specific Light-Up Bioprobes with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics for Protein Sensing 234Jing Liang, Haibin Shi, Ben Zhong Tang, and Bin Liu11.1 Introduction 23411.2 In Vitro Detection of Integrin avb3 Using a TPS-Based Probe 23511.2.1 Detection mechanisms 23611.2.2 Synthesis and characterization of the TPS-2cRGD probe 23611.2.3 Detection of integrin in solutions 23811.2.4 In vitro sensing of integrin in cancer cells 23911.3 Real-Time Monitoring of Cell Apoptosis and Drug Screening with a TPE-Based Probe 24011.3.1 Design principles 24011.3.2 Synthesis and characterization of Ac-DEVEK-TPE probe 24111.3.3 Detection of caspase and kinetic study of caspase activities in solutions 24211.3.4 Imaging of cell apoptosis and screening of apoptosis-inducing agents 24311.4 In Vivo Monitoring of Cell Apoptosis and Drug Screening with PyTPE-Based Probe 24611.4.1 Working principles 24611.4.2 Synthesis and characterization of DEVD-PyTPE probe 24711.4.3 Monitoring of caspase activities in solutions 24811.4.4 In vitro and in vivo imaging of cell apoptosis 24811.5 Conclusion 250Acknowledgments 250References 25112 Applications of Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials in Biotechnology 254Yuning Hong, Jacky W.Y. Lam, and Ben Zhong Tang12.1 Introduction 25412.2 AIE Materials for Nucleic Acid Studies 25512.2.1 Quantitation and gel visualization of DNA and RNA 25512.2.2 Specific probing of G-quadruplex DNA formation 25712.3 AIE Materials for Protein Studies 25812.3.1 Quantitation and PAGE staining of proteins 25812.3.2 Fluorescence immunoassay by AIE materials 26112.3.3 Monitoring of the unfolding/refolding process of human serum albumin 26112.3.4 Monitoring and inhibition of amyloid fibrillation of insulin 26212.4 AIE Materials for Live Cell Imaging 26412.4.1 AIE bioprobes for long-term cell tracking 26412.4.2 AIE nanoparticles for cell staining 26412.5 Conclusion 266References 267Index 271