Administration of Justice: An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in America

Häftad, Engelska, 2019

3 149 kr

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The Administration of Justice: An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in America, Fifth Edition is a comprehensive overview of Criminal Justice that is presented in a clear and understandable format. The text is designed to meet the needs of those students who are seeking to get a broad overview of the American Criminal Justice System as an elective to meet general education requirements for other disciplines, as well as the foundation for those students planning to major in criminal justice studies.Each chapter begins with a Chapter Overview, Learning Objectives, and Keywords. The keywords are defined within the text material and highlighted in the margins in order to reinforce the important concepts of each chapter. Review and Critical Thinking Questions are included at the end of each chapter to allow the student to test their comprehension of the material that was presented.The Fifth Edition has added a critical new chapter dealing with sentencing laws and the recently applied Criminal Justice Reform laws that have been put in place by many individual states and the Congress of the United States.

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Utgivningsdatum2019-09-25
SpråkEngelska
Upplaga5
FörlagKendall/Hunt Publishing Co ,U.S.
EAN9781524992446

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Chapter 1: The Constitution: The Basis of Criminal Justice in America Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsThe Preamble to the United States ConstitutionIntroductionBranches of GovernmentChecks and BalancesApplications to The Criminal Justice SystemThe Bill of RightsFirst AmendmentOverview and relevance to the Criminal Justice SystemRights afforded under the First AmendmentExceptions and limitations of the rights afforded under the First AmendmentSecond AmendmentOverview and relevance to the Criminal Justice SystemRights afforded under the Second AmendmentExceptions and limitations of the rights afforded under the Second AmendmentFourth AmendmentOverview and relevance to the Criminal Justice SystemRights afforded under the Fourth AmendmentExceptions and limitations of the rights afforded under the Fourth AmendmentFifth AmendmentOverview and relevance to the Criminal Justice SystemRights afforded under the Fifth AmendmentExceptions and limitations of the rights afforded under the Fifth AmendmentSixth AmendmentOverview and relevance to the Criminal Justice SystemRights afforded under the Sixth AmendmentExceptions and limitations of the rights afforded under the Sixth AmendmentEighth AmendmentOverview and relevance to the Criminal Justice SystemRights afforded under the Eighth AmendmentExceptions and limitations of the rights afforded under the Eighth AmendmentFourteenth AmendmentOverview and relevance to the Criminal Justice SystemReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 2: Introduction to the Justice System Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsThe Concept of JusticeSocial ContractDue Process vs. Crime ControlThe Components of the Criminal Justice SystemPoliceCorrectionsCourtsReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 3: The Extent of Crime in America Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsCounting CrimeSources of Crime DataUCRViolent CrimesProperty CrimesNIBRSNCVSProblems with the DataRapeDefinitions of CrimesCrime in AmericaClearance RatesCleared by ArrestCleared by Exceptional MeansCrime ClockGender and CrimeAge and CrimeRace and CrimeGuns and CrimeReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 4: An Introduction to Criminology Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsCriminologyOverview of Criminological TheoriesClassical and Neo-Classical TheoriesBiological and Trait TheoriesPsychological TheoriesSocial TheoriesConflict TheoriesSummary of CriminologyReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 5: The Concept of Laws in America Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsWhat is Law?Types of LawsStatutory LawCase LawAdministrative LawCivil LawCriminal LawActus reusMens reaConcurrenceStrict Liability CrimesCorpus delictiElements of a CrimeBurglaryScenario #1Scenario #2Categories of CrimesFeloniesMisdemeanorsOffenses and InfractionsLegal DefensesJustification DefensesSelf-DefenseNecessityLegal ExcusesDuressInfancyMistakeInvoluntary IntoxicationInsanityM'Naghten RuleIrresistible-Impulse TestDurham RuleSubstantial-Capacity TestEntrapmentAlibiReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 6: Policing in America Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsEarly English HistoryLondon Metropolitan PolicePhilosophyHistory of Policing in AmericaPolice TodayFederalFBIDrug Enforcement AdministrationBureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and ExplosivesU.S. Marshals ServiceState Law EnforcementCounty Law EnforcementCity Law EnforcementSpecialized Police AgenciesThe Function of PoliceEnforcing the LawsProviding ServicesCriminal InvestigationPreventing CrimePatrolThe Kansas City Preventive Patrol ExperimentCommunity PolicingPolice SolvingSARA ModelProblem Analysis TrianglePolice Use of ForceDeadly ForceReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 7: Police Procedures Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsU.S. Supreme Court Hands-off Policy Prior to the 1960sArrestProbable CauseStop and FriskTerry v. OhioReasonable SuspicionPat-down SearchSearchSearch with a WarrantExclusionary RuleMapp v. OhioFruit of the Poisonous Tree DoctrineExceptions to the Exclusionary RuleGood Faith ExceptionInevitable Discovery ExceptionExceptions to the Search Warrant RequirementsSearch Incident to a Lawful ArrestPlain ViewConsent SearchesExigent CircumstancesVehicle SearchesInterrogationMiranda v. ArizonaWhen is Miranda Required?When is Miranda Not Required?Review QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 8: Courts: The System Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsDevelopment of the American Court SystemCivil CourtsCriminal CourtsJurisdictionOriginal JurisdictionLimited JurisdictionGeneral JurisdictionAppellate JurisdictionFederal Court SystemDistrict CourtsFederal Circuit Courts of AppealsThe United States Supreme CourtState Court SystemTrial CourtsAppellate CourtsReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 9: Pretrial Activities and the Criminal Trial Chapter OverviewChapter learning ObjectivesKeywordsEntering the Criminal Justice SystemBookingBail and Pretrial ReleaseEntering the Court System—Pretrial ActivitiesFirst AppearancePreliminary HearingThe Grand JuryInformationArraignmentPlea BargainingLegal IssuesSpeedy TrialRight to CounselThe Criminal TrialJury SelectionOpening StatementsThe Prosecution's CaseMotion for Directed VerdictThe Defendant's CaseClosing ArgumentsJury InstructionsDeliberationVerdictPre-sentence Investigation (PSI)Review QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 10: Sentencing Chapter OverviewChapter learning ObjectivesKeywordsSentencing Reform in the United StatesThe Sentencing Reform Act of 1984The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (1994 Crime Bill)Fair Sentencing Act of 2010Criminal Justice Reform Act of 2018 (First Step Act)Sentencing ModelsIndeterminate SentencingStructured SentencingDeterminate SentencingMandatory SentencingPresumptive SentencingIssues in SentencingAggravating and Mitigating CircumstancesTypical Aggravating CircumstancesTypical Mitigating CircumstancesConcurrent and Consecutive SentencesVictim ConsiderationsDeath PenaltyThe Legality of the Death PenaltyMethods of ExecutionThe Death Penalty TodayReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 11: Corrections: Jails and Prisons Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsBrief History of Corrections in the United StatesWalnut Street JailPennsylvania SystemAuburn SystemCorrectional System in the United States TodayDifference between Jails and PrisonsJailsPrisonsPrivate PrisonsThe Classification ProcessLevels of SecurityThe Philosophies of PunishmentIncapacitationDeterrenceRestorative JusticeRetribution and Just DesertsRehabilitationProblems and Issues Facing the Correctional SystemOvercrowdingHealth IssuesPrison GangsSex in PrisonAging Prison PopulationsWomen in PrisonReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 12: Corrections: Alternatives to Incarceration Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsBrief History of Probation in the United StatesProbation TodayProbation DepartmentsState and LocalFederalJuvenileParoleParole BoardsParole DepartmentsConditions of Supervision of Probation and ParoleStandard ConditionsSpecial ConditionsThe Role of the Probation/Parole OfficerRevocation ProceedingsPreliminary Inquiry HearingRevocation HearingRecidivismAdditional Intermediate SanctionsDrug CourtSplit SentencingIntensive Supervision ProgramElectronic MonitoringGPS Electronic MonitoringVeterans CourtReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 13: Juvenile Justice Chapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsJuvenile—Definition and TrendsA Brief History of Juvenile Justice in the United StatesParens PatriaeThe Juvenile Justice System from the 1950s to TodayLaw Enforcement and Juvenile CrimeThe Juvenile Court SystemJurisdictionDelinquency and Status OffensesThe Juvenile Court ProcessIntakeInformally Processed CasesFormally Processed CasesJudicial DispositionsTried as an AdultRights of the Juvenile OffenderSupreme Court CasesKent v. United States (1966)In re Gault (1967)In re Winship (1970)Additional RulingsJuvenile CorrectionsResidential Placement FacilitiesJuvenile ProbationReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsChapter 14: Ethics and the Criminal Justice SystemChapter OverviewChapter Learning ObjectivesKeywordsWhat is Ethics?Competing Views of Ethical SystemsEthics and The Criminal Justice SystemPolice Ethical ConsiderationsPolice DiscretionBLUE CurtainSolutions: Leadership and TrainingImprove Hiring PracticesEthics TrainingLeadershipJudicial Ethical ConsiderationsJudgesMisconduct IssuesProsecutorsProsecutorial DiscretionProsecutorial MisconductDefense AttorneysDefense Counsel MisconductCorrectional Ethical ConsiderationsDuties of Correctional Officers and Potential Misconduct issuesInmate RightsProbation and Parole OfficersEthical IssuesThe MediaReview QuestionsCritical Thinking QuestionsAppendix A: United States ConstitutionGlossaryIndex

Administration of Justice: An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in America

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