World Population Dynamics

Barbara A. Anderson is the Ronald Freedman Collegiate Professor of Sociology and Population Studies at the University of Michigan.  She holds a Bachelors Degree in Mathematics from the University of Chicago and a Doctorate in Sociology from Princeton University.  She has been on the faculties of Yale and Brown Universities.  She has been a Guggenheim Fellow and has been a visiting member at the Institute for Advanced Study and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.  She has published on many aspects of population and development.   Her research has been supported by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, Social Science Research Council, the Korea Research Foundation, Human Sciences Research Council (South Africa) and Statistics South Africa.  She has consulted on demographic issues to the governments of Estonia, China, South Africa and the United States.

• In This Section:I)  Brief Table of ContentsII)  Detailed Table of Contents    I) Brief Table of Contents   Chapter 1. The Field of DemographyChapter 2. The Field of DemographyChapter 3. Sources of Demographic DataChapter 4. Mortality Patterns in the Modern EraChapter 5. History and Context of Mortality Differentials and Mortality DeclineChapter 6. Mortality Decline in the Less Developed RegionChapter 7. Mortality Issues in the More Developed RegionChapter 8. Fertility Patterns in the Modern EraChapter 9. Theory and Practice of Fertility Decline in Historical Europe and in the Less Developed RegionChapter 10. Fertility in the More Developed RegionChapter 11. Age and Sex Structure and Population ProjectionsChapter 12. Migration and Urbanization   II) Detailed Table of Contents  Chapter 1. The Field of DemographyOverview The Study of Demography Uses of Demography Demographic PerspectivesMajor Population Phenomena and Related Theories and FrameworksThe Influence of History, Anthropology, Psychology, Political Science, and Statistics on Population ThinkingDemography as a Field Demographic Patterns, Development, and Social Change Concluding Comments  Chapter 2. The Field of DemographyOverview World Population GrowthCharacteristics of World Regions and of the Ten Most Populous CountriesConsequences of Population Size The Population Balancing Equation and Components of Population GrowthWorld Population AgingWorld Population Policy Concerns  Chapter 3. Sources of Demographic DataOverview Demographic Data Sources: Briefly Considered Combining of Census and Vital Registration Data to Calculate Rates Population Censuses: Considerations and ProblemsRegistration of Vital Events: Considerations and ProblemsPopulation Registers: Considerations and ProblemsSample SurveysHistorical Sources Administrative Data Assumptions and Accuracy of Estimates: UNAIDS Revision of HIV Prevalence Estimate for India in 2007 Collection of Data about Race and EthnicityData Collection, Development Level, and Precision of Knowledge Timeliness of Available Demographic Data Ethical Issues in Demographic Data Collection  Chapter 4. Mortality Patterns in the Modern EraOverview Overall Mortality Trends—The Infant Mortality Rate and Expectation of Life at BirthMortality Trends by Region of AfricaMortality Trends by Region of Europe Mortality Indicators in the World’s Ten Most Populous Countries in 2010 Trends in the Infant Mortality Rate and Expectation of Life at Birth in Selected Countries Typical Mortality Patterns Rectangularization of Mortality: The Example of Sweden Age-Adjusted Death Rates The Life TableThe Effects of HIV on Mortality by Age and Sex Life Table Patterns in India, the United States, Japan, and Botswana in 2009Life Table Values Related to Fertility and Old-Age Support for the Ten Largest Countries in 2010 Sex Differences in Mortality by Age: The United States, Russia, and India Sex Ratios by Age Sex Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality What Is the Limit of the Human Life Span? Female Life Table Patterns with e00 from 25 to 100 YearsThe Concept of a CohortReal Cohorts and Synthetic Cohorts  Chapter 5. History and Context of Mortality Differentials and Mortality DeclineOverview The Epidemiologic Transition Historical Mortality DeclineMore Consideration of Causes of Death and Disability  Chapter 6. Mortality Decline in the Less Developed RegionOverview Factors Related to Decline from High Mortality to Moderate Mortality in the Less Developed Region  Chapter 7. Mortality Issues in the More Developed RegionOverview Most Important Public Health Achievements in the United States in the Twentieth Century Old Age Mortality Trends in the United States, France, and JapanMortality from Natural Causes and from External Causes by Sex: United States, 2005  Chapter 8. Fertility Patterns in the Modern EraOverview The General Fertility Rate, the Child–Woman Ratio, and the Total Fertility RateThe Sex Ratio at Birth The Gross Reproduction Rate The Net Reproduction Rate Calculation of the Net Reproduction Rate Fertility and Fertility Change in the Ten Most Populous Countries: From 1950–1955 to 2005–2010 The Growth Rate Resulting from Combinations of Expectation of Life at Birth and the Total Fertility Rate The Net Reproduction Rate Resulting from Combinations of Expectation of Life at Birth and the Total Fertility Rate Highest Total Fertility Rate and Highest Net Reproduction Rate Countries: 2005–2010 Cohort Fertility Period and Cohort Total Fertility Rates in the United States: The Great Depression and the Baby Boom Population Dynamics and Crisis in Rwanda The Female Reproductive Period Fertility and FecundityBirth Intervals Proximate Determinants of Fertility Marriage and Marital Fertility Changes in the Age Pattern of First MarriageNatural Fertility and Controlled FertilityAge Patterns of Natural and Controlled Fertility The Contribution of Changes in Marriage Age and Fertility Control to the Shape of the Fertility Schedule Shifts in the Age Pattern of Fertility in Highly Developed, Low-Fertility Settings  Chapter 9. Theory and Practice of Fertility Decline in Historical Europe and in the Less Developed RegionOverview Fertility Change in Historical EuropeCoale’s Preconditions for Fertility LimitationAge at Marriage in Less Developed Countries Theories of Decline from High to Moderate or Low FertilitySome Reasons for the Persistence of High Fertility KAP Surveys, Fertility Intentions, and Wantedness of ChildrenThe Family-Planning Program in Taiwan: An Early Success Story Education of Women and the Fertility Transition Development of Contraceptive Methods Contraceptive Use Unmet Need for Family Planning Linking Adoption of Contraception to Other Contacts with the Health Care SystemThe Difference between Mortality Policy and Fertility Policy Shifts in Fertility Policy Controversies about the Roles of Development and Family-Planning Programs in Fertility Decline in Less Developed Countries Fertility Cannot Be Lowered and Raised Instantly like Turning a Water Tap Off or On: The Case of SingaporeChanges in Fertility in Pairs of Less Developed CountriesUnwanted Pregnancies, Unwanted Children, and Abortion  Chapter 10. Fertility in the More Developed RegionOverview Contraceptive Use and Abortion in More Developed CountriesTheories of Fertility Decline from Low to Very Low FertilityChanges in Aspects of Fertility in Low-Fertility CountriesMarriage, Cohabitation, and Fertility Changes in the United StatesExamples of Policy Efforts to Raise FertilityChanges in Fertility in Pairs of More Developed Countries  Chapter 11. Age and Sex Structure and Population ProjectionsOverview Median Age Young, Working Age, and Older PopulationsPopulation Pyramids for Actual PopulationsPopulation ProjectionsPopulation Projections for the World, Italy, the United States, China, and MaliThe Actual Growth Rate, the Intrinsic Growth Rate, and Population Momentum  Chapter 12. Migration and UrbanizationOverview Defining MigrationMeasuring MigrationMigration TheoriesMovers and Stayers Migration and Mortality Migration and Climate Change Migration and Fertility Internal MigrantsGovernment Policies and Views about Internal Migration Involuntary Internal Moves and Restrictions on Internal MigrationFamily Migration Decisions in the United States Patterns of U.S. Interregional MigrationInternational MigrantsGovernment Policies about International Migration Immigration to the United StatesCitizenship Laws in Various CountriesResentment toward ImmigrantsStateless Persons Political Shifts and International Migration What Is Urban?Ideas about the Development of Urban Places and the Nature of Urban and Rural Life Urbanization and Urban GrowthUrban and Rural Populations in the World: 1950–2010Urban AgglomerationsMegalopolises Overbounded Cities, Underbounded Cities, and Alternative City Boundary Definitions Size Distributions of CitiesCentral Cities, Suburbanization, Transportation Improvement, and Nonmetropolitan Growth in the United States and Other MDR Countries The Changing Nature of Rural Places  Appendix A: United Nations Classification of Countries Appendix B: Websites with Useful Population Information Appendix C: Major Population Journals Glossary Index