Toomas Kotkas, LL.D. (2004), is Professor of Jurisprudence and Social Law at the University of Eastern Finland. His work comprises monographs and articles on a variety of topics in the fields of legal history, legal philosophy and social law.

• Acknowledgements ... xiAbbreviations ... xiiiI Introduction ... 1Research on Early Modern Police ... 1Aims and Objectives of the Study ... 8Research Material and Method ... 12II Legislative Theory and Police in Early Modern Sweden ... 21Development in Germany and France ... 21Sweden and European Examples ... 26Konungastyrelsen ... 26Peder Mansson’s Barnabok ... 29Johan Skytte’s Een kort Vnderwijsning ... 31III Royal Police Ordinances between 1523 and 1611: Enforcement of Medieval Law ... 35Swedish Society during the Sixteenth Century ... 35Fields of Regulation ... 40Societal and Social Order, Religion ... 40Public Safety and Order ... 48Poor Relief, Public Health, Education and Schooling, Culture ... 55Economic System and Professions ... 59Land Division, Public Construction, Real Estate, and Public Institutions ... 68Justification of Ordinances ... 71Political Arguments: ‘Benefit of the Realm and its Inhabitants’ and ‘Good Order’ ... 71Religious Arguments: ‘The Wrath of God’ ... 75Logic of Ordinances ... 79Impetus for Issuing Ordinances ... 79Addressees ... 82Recurrence of Ordinances ... 84Police Ordinances and Medieval Law ... 86Summary ... 91IV Royal Police Ordinances between 1612 and 1718: Making of New Law ... 95Swedish Society during the Seventeenth Century ... 95Fields of Regulation ... 99Societal and Social Order, Religion ... 100Public Safety and Order ... 114Poor Relief, Public Health, Education and Schooling, Culture ... 124Economic System and Professions ... 131Land Division, Public Construction, Real Estate, and Public Institutions ... 150Justification of Ordinances ... 155Political Arguments: ‘Benefit of the Realm and its Inhabitants’ and ‘Good Order’ ... 155Religious Arguments: ‘God’s Blessing’ ... 161Legal Arguments: Other Legal Sources and Foreign Law ... 164Economic Arguments: ‘Flux of Commerce’ ... 167Logic of Ordinances ... 174Impetus for Issuing Ordinances and Addressees ... 174Police Ordinances and Medieval Law ... 176New Rhetoric: ‘Intentions’ and ‘Effects’ ... 181Summary ... 184V Scientification of Police: The End of the Broad Conception of Police ... 189Police Science in Germany ... 189Antecedents of Police Science in Sweden ... 191Laurentius Petri’s OEconomia Christiana ... 192Per Brahe’s Oeconomia ... 194Schering Rosenhane’s Oeconomia ... 196Anders Bachmanson’s Arcana Oeconomiæ et Commercii ... 197Swedish Eighteenth-Century Treatises on Police Science ... 199Nicolas Delamare’s Traité de la Police as a source of inspiration ... 199Christian Konig’s Lagfarenheten i Politie-mål ... 201Anders Berch’s Inledning till Almänna Hushålningen ... 204Summary ... 206VI Conclusions ... 209Sources and Literature ... 221Index of Names and Subjects ... 231

Toomas Kotkas, LL.D. (2004), is Professor of Jurisprudence and Social Law at the University of Eastern Finland. His work comprises monographs and articles on a variety of topics in the fields of legal history, legal philosophy and social law.

• Acknowledgements ... xiAbbreviations ... xiiiI Introduction ... 1Research on Early Modern Police ... 1Aims and Objectives of the Study ... 8Research Material and Method ... 12II Legislative Theory and Police in Early Modern Sweden ... 21Development in Germany and France ... 21Sweden and European Examples ... 26Konungastyrelsen ... 26Peder Mansson’s Barnabok ... 29Johan Skytte’s Een kort Vnderwijsning ... 31III Royal Police Ordinances between 1523 and 1611: Enforcement of Medieval Law ... 35Swedish Society during the Sixteenth Century ... 35Fields of Regulation ... 40Societal and Social Order, Religion ... 40Public Safety and Order ... 48Poor Relief, Public Health, Education and Schooling, Culture ... 55Economic System and Professions ... 59Land Division, Public Construction, Real Estate, and Public Institutions ... 68Justification of Ordinances ... 71Political Arguments: ‘Benefit of the Realm and its Inhabitants’ and ‘Good Order’ ... 71Religious Arguments: ‘The Wrath of God’ ... 75Logic of Ordinances ... 79Impetus for Issuing Ordinances ... 79Addressees ... 82Recurrence of Ordinances ... 84Police Ordinances and Medieval Law ... 86Summary ... 91IV Royal Police Ordinances between 1612 and 1718: Making of New Law ... 95Swedish Society during the Seventeenth Century ... 95Fields of Regulation ... 99Societal and Social Order, Religion ... 100Public Safety and Order ... 114Poor Relief, Public Health, Education and Schooling, Culture ... 124Economic System and Professions ... 131Land Division, Public Construction, Real Estate, and Public Institutions ... 150Justification of Ordinances ... 155Political Arguments: ‘Benefit of the Realm and its Inhabitants’ and ‘Good Order’ ... 155Religious Arguments: ‘God’s Blessing’ ... 161Legal Arguments: Other Legal Sources and Foreign Law ... 164Economic Arguments: ‘Flux of Commerce’ ... 167Logic of Ordinances ... 174Impetus for Issuing Ordinances and Addressees ... 174Police Ordinances and Medieval Law ... 176New Rhetoric: ‘Intentions’ and ‘Effects’ ... 181Summary ... 184V Scientification of Police: The End of the Broad Conception of Police ... 189Police Science in Germany ... 189Antecedents of Police Science in Sweden ... 191Laurentius Petri’s OEconomia Christiana ... 192Per Brahe’s Oeconomia ... 194Schering Rosenhane’s Oeconomia ... 196Anders Bachmanson’s Arcana Oeconomiæ et Commercii ... 197Swedish Eighteenth-Century Treatises on Police Science ... 199Nicolas Delamare’s Traité de la Police as a source of inspiration ... 199Christian Konig’s Lagfarenheten i Politie-mål ... 201Anders Berch’s Inledning till Almänna Hushålningen ... 204Summary ... 206VI Conclusions ... 209Sources and Literature ... 221Index of Names and Subjects ... 231

Toomas Kotkas, LL.D. (2004), is Professor of Jurisprudence and Social Law at the University of Eastern Finland. His work comprises monographs and articles on a variety of topics in the fields of legal history, legal philosophy and social law.

• Acknowledgements ... xiAbbreviations ... xiiiI Introduction ... 1Research on Early Modern Police ... 1Aims and Objectives of the Study ... 8Research Material and Method ... 12II Legislative Theory and Police in Early Modern Sweden ... 21Development in Germany and France ... 21Sweden and European Examples ... 26Konungastyrelsen ... 26Peder Mansson’s Barnabok ... 29Johan Skytte’s Een kort Vnderwijsning ... 31III Royal Police Ordinances between 1523 and 1611: Enforcement of Medieval Law ... 35Swedish Society during the Sixteenth Century ... 35Fields of Regulation ... 40Societal and Social Order, Religion ... 40Public Safety and Order ... 48Poor Relief, Public Health, Education and Schooling, Culture ... 55Economic System and Professions ... 59Land Division, Public Construction, Real Estate, and Public Institutions ... 68Justification of Ordinances ... 71Political Arguments: ‘Benefit of the Realm and its Inhabitants’ and ‘Good Order’ ... 71Religious Arguments: ‘The Wrath of God’ ... 75Logic of Ordinances ... 79Impetus for Issuing Ordinances ... 79Addressees ... 82Recurrence of Ordinances ... 84Police Ordinances and Medieval Law ... 86Summary ... 91IV Royal Police Ordinances between 1612 and 1718: Making of New Law ... 95Swedish Society during the Seventeenth Century ... 95Fields of Regulation ... 99Societal and Social Order, Religion ... 100Public Safety and Order ... 114Poor Relief, Public Health, Education and Schooling, Culture ... 124Economic System and Professions ... 131Land Division, Public Construction, Real Estate, and Public Institutions ... 150Justification of Ordinances ... 155Political Arguments: ‘Benefit of the Realm and its Inhabitants’ and ‘Good Order’ ... 155Religious Arguments: ‘God’s Blessing’ ... 161Legal Arguments: Other Legal Sources and Foreign Law ... 164Economic Arguments: ‘Flux of Commerce’ ... 167Logic of Ordinances ... 174Impetus for Issuing Ordinances and Addressees ... 174Police Ordinances and Medieval Law ... 176New Rhetoric: ‘Intentions’ and ‘Effects’ ... 181Summary ... 184V Scientification of Police: The End of the Broad Conception of Police ... 189Police Science in Germany ... 189Antecedents of Police Science in Sweden ... 191Laurentius Petri’s OEconomia Christiana ... 192Per Brahe’s Oeconomia ... 194Schering Rosenhane’s Oeconomia ... 196Anders Bachmanson’s Arcana Oeconomiæ et Commercii ... 197Swedish Eighteenth-Century Treatises on Police Science ... 199Nicolas Delamare’s Traité de la Police as a source of inspiration ... 199Christian Konig’s Lagfarenheten i Politie-mål ... 201Anders Berch’s Inledning till Almänna Hushålningen ... 204Summary ... 206VI Conclusions ... 209Sources and Literature ... 221Index of Names and Subjects ... 231