Jules Janick is the James Troop Distinguished Professor of Horticulture at Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN, USA.

• List of Contributors viii1. Dedication: George P. Rédei 1Arabidopsis Geneticist and Polymath Csaba Koncz2. Developing Papaya to Control Papaya Ringspot Virus by Transgenic Resistance, Intergeneric Hybridization, and Tolerance Breeding 35Dennis Gonsalves, Ariadne Vegas, Vilai Prasartsee, Rod Drew, Jon Y. Suzuki, and Savarni TripathiI. Introduction 37II. Papaya and Papaya Ringspot Virus 38III. Development of Transgenic Papaya for Hawaii 40IV. Development of Transgenic Papaya for Other Regions 55V. Breeding Through Intergeneric Hybridizations 63VI. Development of PRSV-Tolerant Papaya 67VII. Future Aspects for Developing PRSV-Resistant Papaya 70VIII. Summary Comments 73Literature Cited 733. Rol Genes: Molecular Biology, Physiology, Morphology, Breeding Uses 79Margareta Welander and Li-Hua ZhuI. Introduction 80II. The Hairy Root Disease 80III. Ri T-DNA and Its Effect on Transgenic Plants 82IV. Synergistic Effect of Rol Genes 84V. Individual Effect of Rol Genes 85VI. Discussion and Conclusions 95Literature Cited 974. Terminology for Polyploids Based on Cytogenetic Behavior: Consequences in Genetics and Breeding 105Domenico Carputo, Elsa L. Camadro, and Stanley J. PeloquinI. Introduction 106II. Role of 2n Gametes and Endosperm in the Origin of Polyploids 108III. Terminology for Polyploids 111IV. Bases of the New Terminology 114V. Conclusions 121Literature Cited 1215. Breeding Barley for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Accumulation 125Thin Meiw ChooI. Introduction 126II. Fusarium Species 127III. Fusarium Toxins 129IV. Losses in Yield and Quality 134V. Sources of Genetic Resistance 136VI. Traits Associated with FHB Resistance 139VII. Breeding Strategies 144VIII. Mutation and In vitro Selection 154IX. Genetic Transformation 155X. Conclusions and Prospects 157Literature Cited 1586. Using Genomics to Exploit Grain Legume Biodiversity in Crop Improvement 171Sangam L. Dwivedi, Matthew W. Blair, Hari D. Upadhyaya, Rachid Serraj, Jayashree Balaji, Hutokshi K. Buhariwalla, Rodomiro Ortiz, and Jonathan H. CrouchI. Introduction 174II. Available Genetic Resources of Key Legume Crops 191III. Management and Utilization of Legume Genetic Resources 205IV. Impact of Genetic Resources in Conventional Legume Breeding 218V. Molecular-Enhanced Strategies for Manipulating Novel Genetic Variation for Legume Breeding 225VI. Advanced Applications in Legume Molecular Breeding 270VII. Conclusions and Future Prospects 306Acknowledgments 309Literature Cited 310Subject Index 359Cumulative Subject Index 361Cumulative Contributor Index 379