New Techniques in Digital Holography

Pascal PICART, Professor at Université du Maine, Le Mans, France

• INTRODUCTION xiPasscal PICARTCHAPTER 1. BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY 1Pascal PICART, Michel GROSS and Pierre MARQUET1.1. Digital holograms 21.1.1. Interferences between the object and reference waves 21.1.2. Role of the image sensor 51.1.3. Demodulation of digital holograms 91.2. Back-propagation to the object plane 161.2.1. Monochromatic spherical and plane waves 171.2.2. Propagation equation 181.2.3. Angular spectrum transfer function 191.2.4. Kirchhoff and Rayleigh–Sommerfeld formulas 211.2.5. Fresnel approximation and Fresnel diffraction integral 221.3. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms 241.3.1. Discrete Fresnel transform 241.3.2. Reconstruction with convolution 301.4. Holographic setups 371.4.1. Fresnel holography 371.4.2. Fresnel holography with spatial spectrum reduction 381.4.3. Fourier holography 381.4.4. Lensless Fourier holography 391.4.5. Image-plane holography 401.4.6. Holographic microscopy 411.4.7. In-line Gabor holography 431.5. Digital holographic interferometry 451.5.1. Reconstruction of the phase of the object 451.5.2. Optical phase variations and the sensitivity vector 461.5.3. Phase difference method 471.5.4. Phase unwrapping 491.6. Quantitative phase tomography 491.7. Conclusion 531.8. Bibliography 54CHAPTER 2. DIGITAL IN-LINE HOLOGRAPHY APPLIED TO FLUID FLOWS 67Sébastien COËTMELLEC, Denis LEBRUN and Marc BRUNEL2.1. Examples of measurements in flows 682.1.1. Increasing NA with a divergent wave 682.1.2. Choice of the magnification 702.1.3. 3D velocity measurements in a turbulent boundary layer 702.1.4. Cavitation bubbles measurements 772.2. The fractional-order Fourier transform 812.3. Digital in-line holography with a sub-picosecond laser beam 822.4. Spatially partially coherent source applied to the digital in-line holography 892.5. Digital in-line holography for phase objects metrology 942.5.1. In-line holograms of transparent phase objects 942.5.2. Reconstruction 972.5.3. Experimental results 982.6. Bibliography 101CHAPTER 3. DIGITAL COLOR HOLOGRAPHY FOR ANALYZING UNSTEADY WAKE FLOWS 107JEAN MICHEL DESSE AND PASCAL PICART3.1. Advantage of using multiple wavelengths 1093.2. Analysis of subsonic wake flows 1123.2.1. Description of the digital color holographic interferometer 1123.2.2. Results obtained with subsonic wake flows 1143.2.3. Comparison between holographic plate and digital holograms 1163.3. Analysis of a supersonic jet with high-density gradients 1173.3.1. Definition of an optical setup 1183.3.2. Results obtained with a supersonic jet 1223.4. Analysis of a hydrogen jet in a hypersonic flow 1253.4.1. Experimental setup 1263.4.2. Experimental results 1283.4.3. Comparisons with numerical simulations 1303.5. Conclusion 1323.6. Acknowledgment 1333.7. Bibliography 134CHAPTER 4. AUTOMATION OF DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHIC DETECTION PROCEDURES FOR LIFE SCIENCES APPLICATIONS 137Ahmed EL MALLAHI, Christophe MINETTI and Frank DUBOIS4.1. Introduction 1374.2. Experimental protocol 1394.2.1. Optical setup 1394.2.2. Dynamic monitoring 1404.3. General tools 1404.3.1. Extraction of the full interferometric information 1404.3.2. Compensation of the phase 1414.3.3. Border processing 1434.3.4. Best focus determination 1444.4. Automated 3D detection 1454.4.1. Introduction 1454.4.2. Description of the testing samples 1464.4.3. In-plane detection 1474.4.4. In-depth detection 1584.4.5. Discussion 1604.5. Application 1624.6. Conclusions 1644.7. Bibliography 165CHAPTER 5. QUANTITATIVE PHASE-DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY: A NEW MODALITY FOR LIVE CELL IMAGING 169Pierre MARQUET, Benjamin RAPPAZ and Nicolas PAVILLON5.1. Introduction 1705.2. Cell imaging with quantitative phase DHM 1725.2.1. The origin and content of the quantitative phase signal 1725.2.2. Cell counting and classification analysis 1745.2.3. Exploration of cell movements and dynamics 1755.2.4. Dry mass, cell growth and cell cycle 1755.2.5. Cell membrane fluctuations and biomechanical properties 1765.2.6. Dynamics of absolute cell volume and transmembrane water movements 1775.3. High-content phenotypic screening based on QP-DHM 1795.4. Multimodal QP-DHM 1825.4.1. Multimodal fluorescence QP-DHM 1825.4.2. Multimodal Raman-QP-DHM 1835.4.3. Multimodal electrophysiology QP-DHM 1865.5. Resolving neuronal network activity and visualizing spine dynamics 1905.5.1. Background 1905.5.2. Imaging neuronal activity by measuring transmembrane water movements with QP-DHM 1935.5.3. 3D Visualization of dendritic spine dynamics with quantitative phase tomographic microscopy (QP-TM) 1975.6. Perspectives 1985.7. Acknowledgments 2015.8. Bibliography 201CHAPTER 6. LONG-WAVE INFRARED DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY 219Marc GEORGES6.1. Introduction 2196.2. Analog hologram recording in LWIR 2216.3. Digital hologram recording in LWIR 2226.3.1. Hardware components 2226.3.2. Specific features of the LWIR domain 2296.4. Typical applications of LWIR digital holography 2356.4.1. Recording holograms of large objects in LWIR and display in visible 2356.4.2. Reconstruction of images through smoke and flames 2376.4.3. Large deformations of specular aspheric reflectors 2406.4.4. Combined holography and thermography for thermomechanical analysis and non-destructive testing 2436.5. Conclusions: future prospects 2466.6. Bibliography 247CHAPTER 7. FULL FIELD HOLOGRAPHIC VIBROMETRY AT ULTIMATE LIMITS 255Nicolas VERRIER, Michael ATLAN and Michel GROSS7.1. Introduction 2557.2. Heterodyne holography 2577.2.1. Accurate phase shift and holographic detection bandwidth 2607.2.2. Shot noise holographic detection 2647.3. Holographic vibrometry 2687.3.1. Optical signal scattered by a vibrating object 2687.3.2. Selective detection of the sideband components Em: sideband holography 2707.3.3. Sideband holography for large amplitude of vibration 2737.3.4. Sideband holography with strobe illumination 2777.3.5. Sideband holography for small amplitude of vibration 2807.4. Conclusion 2907.5. Bibliography 290LIST OF AUTHORS 295INDEX 297